PSI-7851

Details

Stereochemistry	EPIMERIC
Molecular Formula	C22H29FN3O9P
Molecular Weight	529.4525
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	5 / 5
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC(C)OC(=O)[C@H](C)NP(=O)(OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](N2C=CC(=O)NC2=O)[C@](C)(F)[C@@H]1O)OC3=CC=CC=C3

InChI

InChIKey=TTZHDVOVKQGIBA-IAAJYNJHSA-N

InChI=1S/C22H29FN3O9P/c1-13(2)33-19(29)14(3)25-36(31,35-15-8-6-5-7-9-15)32-12-16-18(28)22(4,23)20(34-16)26-11-10-17(27)24-21(26)30/h5-11,13-14,16,18,20,28H,12H2,1-4H3,(H,25,31)(H,24,27,30)/t14-,16+,18+,20+,22+,36?/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C22H29FN3O9P
Molecular Weight	529.4525
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	5 / 5
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263000
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801890 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278

GS-9851 (formerly PSI 7851) is an orally available, second generation uridine nucleoside analog polymerase inhibitor of hepatitis C treatment. GS-9851 is a nucleotide prodrug of the nucleoside analog GS-331007 (formerly PSI-6206). GS-9851 potently inhibits HCV NS5B polymerase and has demonstrated pan-genotypic activity in vitro. Preclinical studies of GS-9851 demonstrated a favorable profile in terms of antiviral potency, distribution, and metabolism. GS-9851 is first hydrolyzed to the intermediate GS-566500 (formerly PSI-352707), which is then metabolized to either the inactive metabolite, GS-331007, or the monophosphate GS-606965 (formerly PSI-7411). Inside the hepatocyte, GS-606965 is further phosphorylated by a series of enzymatic steps to an active triphosphate metabolite, GS-461203 (formerly PSI-7409), that selectively inhibits recombinant NS5B. A first-time-in-human study demonstrated that GS-9851 (25 to 800 mg) is generally safe and well tolerated in patients chronically infected with HCV. GS-9851 has a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once-daily dosing. Administration of GS-9851 led to significant reductions in plasma HCV RNA levels without the evolution of known resistance mutations.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Hepatitis C virus 22 Target ID: CHEMBL379 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278	Inhibitor 8297
Lysosomal protective protein 2 Target ID: CHEMBL6115 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278	Substrate 661
Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 15 Target ID: CHEMBL2265 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Chronic hepatitis C 42 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263000	Primary		Phase I 428	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
218.9 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
336.6 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
340.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
117.7 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
29.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
13.3 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
46.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
32.8 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
81 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
77.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
81.69 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
21.5 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1719.9 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
2947.7 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
3554.4 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
951.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
105.7 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
21.3 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
215 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
91.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
113.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
159.7 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
191.5 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
35.1 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
10.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
7.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
17.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
6 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	RO-2433 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
3.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
3.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
2.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	GS-566500 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	100 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	200 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	50 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	PSI-7851 plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	unhealthy n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hepatitis C infection Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	Other AEs: Nausea, Absolute neutrophil count decreased... Other AEs: Nausea (1 pt) Absolute neutrophil count decreased (1 pt) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/
800 mg single, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 800 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999	healthy n = 8 Health Status: healthy Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999	Other AEs: Dizziness, Abdominal pain... Other AEs: Dizziness (moderate, 13%) Abdominal pain (13%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Absolute neutrophil count decreased	1 pt	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	unhealthy n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hepatitis C infection Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/
Nausea	1 pt	400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/	unhealthy n = 8 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hepatitis C infection Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23263000/
Abdominal pain	13%	800 mg single, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 800 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999	healthy n = 8 Health Status: healthy Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999
Dizziness	moderate, 13%	800 mg single, oral (total daily dose) Highest studied dose Dose: 800 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 800 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999	healthy n = 8 Health Status: healthy Sex: M+F Food Status: FASTED Population Size: 8 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23262999

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	Y1293	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=Y1293
AbMole Bioscience	M3666	http://www.abmole.com/products/psi-7977.html
Aceschem	ACF022918	https://www.aceschem.com/catalog/1190307-88-0.html
Achemtek	0102-012977	http://www.achemtek.com/1064684-44-1
Alsachim	3345	http://www.alsachim.com/product-C4630-glo.bal-view.html
Ambeed	A333995	https://www.ambeed.com/products/1064684-44-1.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A24.097.404	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A24.097.404
Aurum Pharmatech LLC	Q-4112	http://www.Aurumpharmatech.com/Product/ProductDetails/Q_4112
BLD Pharm	BD628002	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/1064684-44-1.html
Chemenu	CM105948	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM105948
Chemspace	CSSB00025701984	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00025701984
Clearsynth	CS-O-14752	https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSO14752.html
Combi-Blocks	QJ-2117	http://www.combi-blocks.com/cgi-bin/find.cgi?QJ-2117
Matrix Scientific	147517	https://www.matrixscientific.com/147517.html
MolPort	MolPort-028-720-483	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-028-720-483
MuseChem	I007056	https://www.musechem.com/product/I007056.html
Smolecule	S529277	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s529277
Smolecule	S548929	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s548929
Synblock Inc	SB20304	http://www.synblock.com/product/1190307-88-0.html
THE BioTek	bt-269619	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-269619
THE BioTek	bt-288334	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-288334
Yuhao Chemical	RT6556	http://www.chemyuhao.com/1190307-88-0.html
abcr GmbH	AB447032	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB447032
eNovation Chemicals	D678169	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D678169
eNovation Chemicals	Y0974011	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=Y0974011

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Patients received active doses up to 400 mg of GS-9851 once daily for 3 days

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Huh7, HepG2, BxPC3, and CEM cells were treated with PSI-7851 (GS-9851, serially diluted from 100 mkM in medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), Gemcitabine (1mkM), or DMSO control for 8 days. A cell viability assay was performed using the CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution cell proliferation assay kit as recommended by the manufacturer (Promega). The absorbance at 490 nm was read with a Victor3 plate reader (Perkin Elmer) using the medium-only control wells as blanks.

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023` Edited by `admin` on `Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023`
Record UNII	3S5S1851OV
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

Download

Name

Type

Language

PSI-7851

Common Name

English

GS-9851

Code

English

PSI 7851

Code

English

N-((2'R)-2'-DEOXY-2'-FLUORO-2'-METHYL-P-PHENYL-5'-URIDYLYL)-L-ALANINE 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER

Systematic Name

English

L-ALANINE, N-((2'R)-2'-DEOXY-2'-FLUORO-2'-METHYL-P-PHENYL-5'-URIDYLYL)-, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER

Systematic Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

CAS

1221574-17-9

Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023

SUPERSEDED

CAS

1064684-44-1

Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023

PRIMARY

FDA UNII

3S5S1851OV

Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023

PRIMARY

PUBCHEM

45375806

Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 09:09:28 GMT 2023

PRIMARY

Related Record Type Details


					WJ6CA3ZU8B

SOFOSBUVIR

DIASTEREOISOMER -> EPIMER

Details

SMILES

InChI

DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263000Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801890 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Conditions

Approved Use

Cmax

AUC

T1/2

Doses

AEs

Sourcing

PubMed

Patents

Sample Use Guides

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263000
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801890 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20516278

C_max

T_1/2