Female athymic nude mice were treated with topical application of 5 μL (days 0−2), 10 μL (days 3−4), or 20 μL (days 7−11 and 14−18) of a 50:50 solution of East Indian sandalwood oil (EISO)/DMSO. The β-santalol content of EISO was 20.73% as determined by GC/FID analysis

The MICs of the (Z)-β-Santalol and antibiotics were determined by the 2-fold plate-dilution method using Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% sheep blood (Nippon Biotest Laboratories Inc.). Bacterial suspensions equivalent to a 2.0 MacFarland standard (containing 1 x 10^8 CFU/mL) were prepared in saline from a 72 h subculture from a blood agar plate, and the bacteria (5 mkL per spot) were applied with an inoculator onto the surfaces of 10 mm agar layers. The plates were read after 4 days’ incubation at 37 °C under the micro-aerophilic conditions with humidity.