LAUROCAPRAM

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C18H35NO
Molecular Weight	281.4766
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCN1CCCCCC1=O

InChI

InChIKey=AXTGDCSMTYGJND-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H35NO/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-13-16-19-17-14-11-12-15-18(19)20/h2-17H2,1H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula	C18H35NO
Molecular Weight	281.4766
Charge	0
Count

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Additional Stereochemistry	No
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Optical Activity	NONE

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67035229 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556532

LAUROCAPRAM is a percutaneous permeation enhancer facilitating absorption of different chemicals upon their application to the skin. Its enhancing effect is associated with different mechanisms: incorporation of its dodecyl group into the lipid bilayer, an increase of the motion of the alkylic chains of lipids, and lipid fluidization.

Approval Year

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
The buccal mucosa as an alternative route for the systemic delivery of risperidone.	2010-11	20845457
Combined strategies for enhancing the transdermal absorption of midazolam through human skin.	2010-09	20796187
Percutaneous penetration modifiers and formulation effects: thermal and spectral analyses.	2010-09	20582492
Effect of counter-ions and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of flurbiprofen.	2010-04	19894269
Percutaneous penetration modifiers and formulation effects.	2010-02-15	19900521
Development and evaluation of occlusive systems employing polyvinyl alcohol for transdermal delivery of sumatriptan succinate.	2010-02	20067437
Chemical penetration enhancers: a patent review.	2009-07	19552513
Design and in vivo evaluation of an indapamide transdermal patch.	2009-03-31	19114099
Mechanical and baicalin delivery properties of adhesive matrices for iontophoretic flexible electrodes.	2009	19228452
[Effects of penetration enhancers on percutaneous permeability of geniposide in Xiao'er Ninhuang tuire cataplasms].	2008-09	19160783
Transdermal and dermal delivery of adefovir: effects of pH and permeation enhancers.	2008-06	18248973
Sumatriptan succinate transdermal delivery systems for the treatment of migraine.	2008-06	17854062
Transdermal permeation enhancement of N-trimethyl chitosan for testosterone.	2008-05-22	18337030
Effect of ion-pairing and enhancers on scutellarin skin permeability.	2008-04	18380914
Enhancement of nortriptyline penetration through human epidermis: influence of chemical enhancers and iontophoresis.	2008-04	18380912
Effect of permeation enhancers and organic acids on the skin permeation of indapamide.	2008-02-28	17888599
[Preparation of transdermal drug delivery system of felodipine-metoprolol and its bioavailability in rabbits].	2007-11	18300480
In vitro studies on transdermal permeation of butorphanol.	2007-05	17520448
Simultaneous measurements of K+ and calcein release from liposomes and the determination of pore size formed in a membrane.	2007-05	17495394
[Influence of permeation enhancers on transdermal permeation of anemonin].	2007-03	17511142
Investigation into the potential of low-frequency ultrasound facilitated topical delivery of Cyclosporin A.	2006-12-01	16949776
Combination strategies for enhancing transdermal absorption of sumatriptan through skin.	2006-10-12	16809010
[Corneal permeability of topically applied pirenzepine solution].	2006-06	16857134
Chemical enhancers for the absorption of substances through the skin: Laurocapram and its derivatives.	2006-03	16556532
Pretreatment of plantar warts with azone enhances the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy.	2006	16566731
Enhancing the buccal mucosal uptake and retention of triamcinolone acetonide.	2005-07-20	15921776
Effects of ionization and penetration enhancers on the transdermal delivery of 5-fluorouracil through excised human stratum corneum.	2005-07-14	15913928
Biodegradable derivatives of tranexamic acid as transdermal permeation enhancers.	2005-05-05	15866333
In vivo skin permeation of sodium naproxen formulated in pluronic F-127 gels: effect of Azone and Transcutol.	2005-05	16093210
[Effects of different penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of lappaconitine gel in vitro].	2005-05	16075728
Enhanced buccal mucosal retention and reduced buccal permeability of estradiol in the presence of padimate O and Azone: a mechanistic study.	2005-04	15736191
Amphiphilic transdermal permeation enhancers: structure-activity relationships.	2005	16178785
Interaction of 1-dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one with mouse stratum corneum.	2005	16001716
Development and in vitro evaluation of furosemide transdermal formulations using experimental design techniques.	2004-08-20	15288341
[Synthetical evaluation of promoting effect of some kinds of transdermal enhancers with grey relational cluster method].	2004-05	15706891
[Evaluation of a compound with dan-shen root and azone for scar treatment].	2004-05	15449627
Penetration enhancers.	2004-03-27	15019749
Gateways to clinical trials.	2003-11	14685303
Enhanced iontophoretic delivery of buspirone hydrochloride across human skin using chemical enhancers.	2003-10-02	12972337
L-Serine and glycine based ceramide analogues as transdermal permeation enhancers: polar head size and hydrogen bonding.	2003-07-21	12824032
Phase 1/2 pilot study of methotrexate-laurocapram topical gel for the treatment of patients with early-stage mycosis fungoides.	2003-05	12756099
In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the efficacy and safety of skin permeation enhancers using flurbiprofen as a model drug.	2003-04-14	12672611
Effect of Azone upon the in vivo antiviral efficacy of cidofovir or acyclovir topical formulations in treatment/prevention of cutaneous HSV-1 infections and its correlation with skin target site free drug concentration in hairless mice.	2003-03-06	12593946
[Effects of Azone of different concentrations on percutaneous absorption of baicalin in vitro].	2002-11	12433630
Experimental study of in vitro buprenorphine hydrochloride transdermal permeation through hairless mouse skin.	2002-10	12377611
[Promotion of ferulic acid transdermal absorption by water-soluble azone in Shengfaling tincture].	2002-01	12390847
Evaluation of in vitro percutaneous absorption of lorazepam and clonazepam from hydro-alcoholic gel formulations.	2001-10-09	11576770
Passive skin penetration enhancement and its quantification in vitro.	2001-09	11522474
A clinical study to determine the efficacy and safety of 1% methotrexate/Azone (MAZ) gel applied topically once daily in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.	2001-07	11679005
A new colorimetric assay for studying and rapid screening of membrane penetration enhancers.	2001-07	11496953

Patents

Substance Class	Chemical Created by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:00:17 GMT 2025` Edited by `admin` on `Mon Mar 31 18:00:17 GMT 2025`
Record UNII	1F3X9DRV9X
Record Status	`Validated (UNII)`
Record Version

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Name

Type

Language

LAUROCAPRAM

Official Name

English

AZONE

Preferred Name

English

LAUROCAPRAM [MI]

Common Name

English

LAUROCAPRAM [HSDB]

Common Name

English

LAUROCAPRAM [USAN]

Common Name

English

1-N-DODECYLAZACYCLOHEPTAN-2-ONE

Common Name

English

laurocapram [INN]

Common Name

English

1-Dodecylhexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one

Systematic Name

English

1-DODECYLAZACYCLOHEPTAN-2-ONE

Systematic Name

English

N-DODECYL-.EPSILON.-CAPROLACTAM

Common Name

English

2H-AZEPIN-2-ONE, 1-DODECYLHEXAHYDRO-

Systematic Name

English

LAUROCAPRAM [MART.]

Common Name

English

N-0252

Code

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

43389