Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C8H17NO5 |
| Molecular Weight | 207.2243 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OCCN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO
InChI
InChIKey=IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1
| Molecular Formula | C8H17NO5 |
| Molecular Weight | 207.2243 |
| Charge | 0 |
| Count |
|
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Additional Stereochemistry | No |
| Defined Stereocenters | 4 / 4 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
DescriptionSources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/miglitol.html
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/miglitol.html
Miglitol, an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is a desoxynojirimycin derivative that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. As a consequence of plasma glucose reduction, miglitol reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Systemic nonenzymatic protein glycosylation, as reflected by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, is a function of average blood glucose concentration over time. Because its mechanism of action is different, the effect of miglitol to enhance glycemic control is additive to that of sulfonylureas when used in combination. In addition, miglitol diminishes the insulinotropic and weight-increasing effects of sulfonylureas. Miglitol has minor inhibitory activity against lactase and consequently, at the recommended doses, would not be expected to induce lactose intolerance. In contrast to sulfonylureas, miglitol does not enhance insulin secretion. The antihyperglycemic action of miglitol results from a reversible inhibition of membrane-bound intestinal a-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. Membrane-bound intestinal a-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in delayed glucose absorption and lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia. Miglitol is used as an adjunct to diet to improve glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycemia cannot be managed with diet alone.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/monograph/miglitol.html
Curator's Comment: Very low permeation of blood-brain barrier in animals. In humans miglitol is able to cross the blood/brain barrier and potentially inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzymes of the the central nervous system (CNS) http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-meetings.2012.DIR.2.SAT-209
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2074 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491 |
6.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2608 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491 |
2.0 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL2519 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL2520 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00491 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | GLYSET Approved UseGLYSET is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Launch Date1996 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
0.78 mg/L |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: SUCROSE |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.22 mg/L |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
1.86 mg/L |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.61 mg/L |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
7.08 mg × h/L |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
11.02 mg × h/L |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.23 h |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.36 h |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2 h |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MIGLITOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 39.3 |
Disc. AE: Diarrhea... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Diarrhea (severe, 1 patient) Sources: |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.4 |
Other AEs: Abdominal discomfort, Diarrhea... Other AEs: Abdominal discomfort (26.95%) Sources: Diarrhea (33.9%) Hypoglycemia (33.9%) |
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
Other AEs: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea... Other AEs: Abdominal pain (11.7%) Sources: Diarrhea (28.7%) Flatulence (41.5%) Skin rash (4.3%) Serum iron decreased (9.2%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diarrhea | severe, 1 patient Disc. AE |
75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
healthy, 39.3 |
| Abdominal discomfort | 26.95% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.4 |
| Diarrhea | 33.9% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.4 |
| Hypoglycemia | 33.9% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 58.4 |
| Abdominal pain | 11.7% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
| Diarrhea | 28.7% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
| Skin rash | 4.3% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
| Flatulence | 41.5% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
| Serum iron decreased | 9.2% | 100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol decreases glucose fluctuations and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2010-12 |
|
| Acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide or sitagliptin: a retrospective observational pharmacy claims analysis. | 2010-11 |
|
| Changes in α-glucosidase activities along the jejunal-ileal axis of normal rats by the α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol. | 2010-10 |
|
| Antioxidant rich grape pomace extract suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice by specifically inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. | 2010-08-27 |
|
| Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2010. | 2010-08 |
|
| The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | 2010-08 |
|
| Single administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on endothelial function and incretin secretion in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease - Juntendo University trial: effects of miglitol on endothelial vascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (J-MACH) -. | 2010-07 |
|
| Sitagliptin: review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis. | 2010-06 |
|
| Computational identification of uncharacterized cruzain binding sites. | 2010-05-11 |
|
| A case of insulinoma following total gastrectomy--effects of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on suppressing GIP and GLP-1 elevations. | 2010-04 |
|
| Type 2 diabetes: postprandial hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular risk. | 2010-03-24 |
|
| Glucose supply and insulin demand dynamics of antidiabetic agents. | 2010-03-01 |
|
| Disordered eating behavior in individuals with diabetes: importance of context, evaluation, and classification. | 2010-03 |
|
| New glucosidase inhibitors from an ayurvedic herbal treatment for type 2 diabetes: structures and inhibition of human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase with compounds from Salacia reticulata. | 2010-01-26 |
|
| Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state. | 2010-01-21 |
|
| Aspects of insulin treatment. | 2010-01 |
|
| Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis induced by the α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol. | 2010 |
|
| Comparison of adverse gastrointestinal effects of acarbose and miglitol in healthy men: a crossover study. | 2010 |
|
| Effects of pre-meal versus post-meal administration of miglitol on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels in healthy men. | 2010 |
|
| Effects of miglitol, sitagliptin or their combination on plasma glucose, insulin and incretin levels in non-diabetic men. | 2010 |
|
| Acute metabolic responses to a high-carbohydrate meal in outpatients with type 2 diabetes treated with a low-carbohydrate diet: a crossover meal tolerance study. | 2009-12-29 |
|
| The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats. | 2009-12-10 |
|
| Drugs associated with more suicidal ideations are also associated with more suicide attempts. | 2009-10-02 |
|
| Amplification of the inhibitory activity of miglitol by monofluorination. | 2009-10-01 |
|
| Design and evaluation of oral bioadhesive controlled release formulations of miglitol, intended for prolonged inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidases and enhancement of plasma glucagon like peptide-1 levels. | 2009-10-01 |
|
| Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis of the ascending colon related to acarbose treatment: a case report. | 2009-09-08 |
|
| Design, statistical analysis and sample size calculation of a phase IIb/III study of linagliptin versus voglibose and placebo. | 2009-09-05 |
|
| A cardiologic approach to non-insulin antidiabetic pharmacotherapy in patients with heart disease. | 2009-07-20 |
|
| Suppressive response of confections containing the extractive from leaves of Morus Alba on postprandial blood glucose and insulin in healthy human subjects. | 2009-07-14 |
|
| The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol suppresses postprandial hyperglycaemia and interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in rat peripheral leucocytes induced by intermittent sucrose loading. | 2009-07 |
|
| Hypoglycemic herbs and their action mechanisms. | 2009-06-12 |
|
| The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol decreases glucose fluctuations and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by hyperglycemia in peripheral leukocytes. | 2009-06 |
|
| Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control in outpatients with severe type 2 diabetes. | 2009-05-06 |
|
| Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure. | 2009-04-29 |
|
| Diabetes treatment. | 2009-03 |
|
| Effect of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on atherogenic outcomes in balloon-injured diabetic rats. | 2009-03 |
|
| Miglitol induces prolonged and enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 and reduced gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses after ingestion of a mixed meal in Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients. | 2009-02 |
|
| Rapid quantification of miglustat in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | 2009-01-15 |
|
| Effect of insulin-unstimulated diabetic therapy with miglitol on serum cystatin C level and its clinical significance. | 2009-01 |
|
| Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in Goto-Kakizaki rats and counterpart control Wistar rats. | 2009 |
|
| Synthesis of iminoalditol analogues of galactofuranosides and their activities against glycosidases. | 2008-11-24 |
|
| Comparison of pre- vs. postmeal administration of miglitol for 3 months in type 2 diabetic patients. | 2008-09 |
|
| Miglitol suppresses the postprandial increase in interleukin 6 and enhances active glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion in viscerally obese subjects. | 2008-09 |
|
| In vitro inhibition of glycogen-degrading enzymes and glycosidases by six-membered sugar mimics and their evaluation in cell cultures. | 2008-08-01 |
|
| Alpha-glucosidase-like activity detected in a siboglinid polychaete, Oligobrachia mashikoi. | 2008-04 |
|
| Effect of butanol fraction from Cassia tora L. seeds on glycemic control and insulin secretion in diabetic rats. | 2008 |
|
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the early treatment of type 2 diabetes. | 2008 |
|
| Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of miglitol in adult Indian patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2007-06 |
|
| Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes. | 2007-05 |
|
| Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | 2007 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/dosage/miglitol.html
Initial dose: 25 mg orally 3 times a day
-After 4 to 8 weeks, may increase to 50 mg orally 3 times a day if needed; after 3 more months, may increase to 100 mg orally 3 times a day if needed based on glycosylated hemoglobin
Maintenance dose: 50 mg to 100 mg orally 3 times a day
Maximum dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2962844
Miglitol at high concentrations (20-200 uM) inhibited considerably trehalase and lactase (a beta-galactosidase) activities in rat small intestine.
| Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
by
admin
on
Edited
Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
by
admin
on
Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
| Record UNII |
0V5436JAQW
|
| Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
|
| Record Version |
|
-
Download
| Name | Type | Language | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Preferred Name | English | ||
|
Official Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Code | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
WHO-VATC |
QA10BF02
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000175559
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
||
|
LIVERTOX |
NBK547878
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
||
|
WHO-ATC |
A10BF02
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NCI_THESAURUS |
C2846
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
||
|
NDF-RT |
N0000000166
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
276-661-6
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C61847
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C045621
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CHEMBL1561
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
758702
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DB00491
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
1806
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
8022
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID0023323
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
441314
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
m7537
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
30009
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
BB-82
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
100000080630
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB08958MIG
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
Miglitol
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
4842
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
0V5436JAQW
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
5879
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
0V5436JAQW
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
72432-03-2
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
MIGLITOL
Created by
admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
|
PRIMARY |
| Related Record | Type | Details | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
ACTIVE MOIETY |