U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C8H17NO5
Molecular Weight 207.2243
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 4 / 4
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of MIGLITOL

SMILES

OCCN1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO

InChI

InChIKey=IBAQFPQHRJAVAV-ULAWRXDQSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H17NO5/c10-2-1-9-3-6(12)8(14)7(13)5(9)4-11/h5-8,10-14H,1-4H2/t5-,6+,7-,8-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Molecular Formula C8H17NO5
Molecular Weight 207.2243
Charge 0
Count
Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Additional Stereochemistry No
Defined Stereocenters 4 / 4
E/Z Centers 0
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/cdi/miglitol.html

Miglitol, an oral alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is a desoxynojirimycin derivative that delays the digestion of ingested carbohydrates, thereby resulting in a smaller rise in blood glucose concentration following meals. As a consequence of plasma glucose reduction, miglitol reduce levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Systemic nonenzymatic protein glycosylation, as reflected by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, is a function of average blood glucose concentration over time. Because its mechanism of action is different, the effect of miglitol to enhance glycemic control is additive to that of sulfonylureas when used in combination. In addition, miglitol diminishes the insulinotropic and weight-increasing effects of sulfonylureas. Miglitol has minor inhibitory activity against lactase and consequently, at the recommended doses, would not be expected to induce lactose intolerance. In contrast to sulfonylureas, miglitol does not enhance insulin secretion. The antihyperglycemic action of miglitol results from a reversible inhibition of membrane-bound intestinal a-glucoside hydrolase enzymes. Membrane-bound intestinal a-glucosidases hydrolyze oligosaccharides and disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides in the brush border of the small intestine. In diabetic patients, this enzyme inhibition results in delayed glucose absorption and lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia. Miglitol is used as an adjunct to diet to improve glycemic control in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) whose hyperglycemia cannot be managed with diet alone.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Very low permeation of blood-brain barrier in animals. In humans miglitol is able to cross the blood/brain barrier and potentially inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzymes of the the central nervous system (CNS) http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/endo-meetings.2012.DIR.2.SAT-209

Originator

Curator's Comment: # Bayer

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
6.0 µM [IC50]
2.0 nM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
GLYSET

Approved Use

GLYSET is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Launch Date

1996
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
0.78 mg/L
25 mg single, oral
dose: 25 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered: SUCROSE
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.22 mg/L
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
1.86 mg/L
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
2.61 mg/L
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.08 mg × h/L
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
11.02 mg × h/L
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2.23 h
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
2.36 h
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
2 h
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
MIGLITOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
healthy, 39.3
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 39.3
Sex: M
Sources:
Disc. AE: Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Diarrhea (severe, 1 patient)
Sources:
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 58.4
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 58.4
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Other AEs: Abdominal discomfort, Diarrhea...
Other AEs:
Abdominal discomfort (26.95%)
Diarrhea (33.9%)
Hypoglycemia (33.9%)
Sources:
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Other AEs: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea...
Other AEs:
Abdominal pain (11.7%)
Diarrhea (28.7%)
Flatulence (41.5%)
Skin rash (4.3%)
Serum iron decreased (9.2%)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Diarrhea severe, 1 patient
Disc. AE
75 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 75 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
healthy, 39.3
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 39.3
Sex: M
Sources:
Abdominal discomfort 26.95%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 58.4
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 58.4
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Diarrhea 33.9%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 58.4
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 58.4
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Hypoglycemia 33.9%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 58.4
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 58.4
Sex: M+F
Sources:
Abdominal pain 11.7%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Diarrhea 28.7%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Skin rash 4.3%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Flatulence 41.5%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Serum iron decreased 9.2%
100 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 100 mg, 3 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
The α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol decreases glucose fluctuations and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in peripheral leukocytes of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2010-12
Acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide or sitagliptin: a retrospective observational pharmacy claims analysis.
2010-11
Changes in α-glucosidase activities along the jejunal-ileal axis of normal rats by the α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol.
2010-10
Antioxidant rich grape pomace extract suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice by specifically inhibiting alpha-glucosidase.
2010-08-27
Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan: update 2010.
2010-08
The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
2010-08
Single administration of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on endothelial function and incretin secretion in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease - Juntendo University trial: effects of miglitol on endothelial vascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (J-MACH) -.
2010-07
Sitagliptin: review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis.
2010-06
Computational identification of uncharacterized cruzain binding sites.
2010-05-11
A case of insulinoma following total gastrectomy--effects of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on suppressing GIP and GLP-1 elevations.
2010-04
Type 2 diabetes: postprandial hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular risk.
2010-03-24
Glucose supply and insulin demand dynamics of antidiabetic agents.
2010-03-01
Disordered eating behavior in individuals with diabetes: importance of context, evaluation, and classification.
2010-03
New glucosidase inhibitors from an ayurvedic herbal treatment for type 2 diabetes: structures and inhibition of human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase with compounds from Salacia reticulata.
2010-01-26
Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state.
2010-01-21
Aspects of insulin treatment.
2010-01
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis induced by the α-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol.
2010
Comparison of adverse gastrointestinal effects of acarbose and miglitol in healthy men: a crossover study.
2010
Effects of pre-meal versus post-meal administration of miglitol on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide levels in healthy men.
2010
Effects of miglitol, sitagliptin or their combination on plasma glucose, insulin and incretin levels in non-diabetic men.
2010
Acute metabolic responses to a high-carbohydrate meal in outpatients with type 2 diabetes treated with a low-carbohydrate diet: a crossover meal tolerance study.
2009-12-29
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol delays the development of diabetes and dysfunctional insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells in OLETF rats.
2009-12-10
Drugs associated with more suicidal ideations are also associated with more suicide attempts.
2009-10-02
Amplification of the inhibitory activity of miglitol by monofluorination.
2009-10-01
Design and evaluation of oral bioadhesive controlled release formulations of miglitol, intended for prolonged inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidases and enhancement of plasma glucagon like peptide-1 levels.
2009-10-01
Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis of the ascending colon related to acarbose treatment: a case report.
2009-09-08
Design, statistical analysis and sample size calculation of a phase IIb/III study of linagliptin versus voglibose and placebo.
2009-09-05
A cardiologic approach to non-insulin antidiabetic pharmacotherapy in patients with heart disease.
2009-07-20
Suppressive response of confections containing the extractive from leaves of Morus Alba on postprandial blood glucose and insulin in healthy human subjects.
2009-07-14
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol suppresses postprandial hyperglycaemia and interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in rat peripheral leucocytes induced by intermittent sucrose loading.
2009-07
Hypoglycemic herbs and their action mechanisms.
2009-06-12
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol decreases glucose fluctuations and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by hyperglycemia in peripheral leukocytes.
2009-06
Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control in outpatients with severe type 2 diabetes.
2009-05-06
Postprandial hyperglycemia as an etiological factor in vascular failure.
2009-04-29
Diabetes treatment.
2009-03
Effect of miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, on atherogenic outcomes in balloon-injured diabetic rats.
2009-03
Miglitol induces prolonged and enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 and reduced gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses after ingestion of a mixed meal in Japanese Type 2 diabetic patients.
2009-02
Rapid quantification of miglustat in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
2009-01-15
Effect of insulin-unstimulated diabetic therapy with miglitol on serum cystatin C level and its clinical significance.
2009-01
Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf in Goto-Kakizaki rats and counterpart control Wistar rats.
2009
Synthesis of iminoalditol analogues of galactofuranosides and their activities against glycosidases.
2008-11-24
Comparison of pre- vs. postmeal administration of miglitol for 3 months in type 2 diabetic patients.
2008-09
Miglitol suppresses the postprandial increase in interleukin 6 and enhances active glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion in viscerally obese subjects.
2008-09
In vitro inhibition of glycogen-degrading enzymes and glycosidases by six-membered sugar mimics and their evaluation in cell cultures.
2008-08-01
Alpha-glucosidase-like activity detected in a siboglinid polychaete, Oligobrachia mashikoi.
2008-04
Effect of butanol fraction from Cassia tora L. seeds on glycemic control and insulin secretion in diabetic rats.
2008
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the early treatment of type 2 diabetes.
2008
Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of miglitol in adult Indian patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2007-06
Indian herbs and herbal drugs used for the treatment of diabetes.
2007-05
Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Saururus chinensis Baill in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
2007
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Initial dose: 25 mg orally 3 times a day -After 4 to 8 weeks, may increase to 50 mg orally 3 times a day if needed; after 3 more months, may increase to 100 mg orally 3 times a day if needed based on glycosylated hemoglobin Maintenance dose: 50 mg to 100 mg orally 3 times a day Maximum dose: 100 mg orally 3 times a day
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Miglitol at high concentrations (20-200 uM) inhibited considerably trehalase and lactase (a beta-galactosidase) activities in rat small intestine.
Substance Class Chemical
Created
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
Edited
by admin
on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
Record UNII
0V5436JAQW
Record Status Validated (UNII)
Record Version
  • Download
Name Type Language
GLYSET
Preferred Name English
MIGLITOL
INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
MIGLITOL [VANDF]
Common Name English
NSC-758702
Code English
MIGLITOL [MART.]
Common Name English
3,4,5-PIPERIDINETRIOL, 1-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-, (2R-(2.ALPHA.,3.BETA.,4.ALPHA.,5.BETA.))-
Common Name English
BAY M 1099
Code English
MIGLITOL [JAN]
Common Name English
BAY-M-1099
Code English
miglitol [INN]
Common Name English
MIGLITOL [USAN]
Common Name English
MIGLITOL [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
MIGLITOL [MI]
Common Name English
(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5-piperidinetriol
Systematic Name English
Miglitol [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QA10BF02
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000175559
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
LIVERTOX NBK547878
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
WHO-ATC A10BF02
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
NCI_THESAURUS C2846
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
NDF-RT N0000000166
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
Code System Code Type Description
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
276-661-6
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61847
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PRIMARY
MESH
C045621
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1561
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
NSC
758702
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00491
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PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1806
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PRIMARY
HSDB
8022
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0023323
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
441314
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m7537
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PRIMARY Merck Index
RXCUI
30009
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PRIMARY RxNorm
USAN
BB-82
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000080630
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PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB08958MIG
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Miglitol
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
4842
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
0V5436JAQW
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PRIMARY
INN
5879
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PRIMARY
FDA UNII
0V5436JAQW
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PRIMARY
CAS
72432-03-2
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
MIGLITOL
Created by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025 , Edited by admin on Mon Mar 31 17:56:34 GMT 2025
PRIMARY
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ACTIVE MOIETY