Stearic monoethanolamide (widely known as N-stearoylethanolamine, NSE) is a biologically active cell membrane component with anti-inflammatory and membrane-protective properties. Preliminary data from a model of experimental burn in rats have shown that N-stearoylethanolamine externally applied has an anti-inflammatory effect. A significant decrease of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) levels under the NSE action, it could be one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action. The large increase in the level of N-stearoylethanolamine in myalgic muscles may reflect an attempt by the body to counteract noxious processes and activation of nociceptors because of the myalgia. If this is the case, then compound preventing their breakdown N-stearoylethanolamine may be useful analgesics for this indication. In addition, recently was studied the therapeutic potential of NSE for prevention of cognitive disfunction caused by neuroinflammation or autoimmune reaction that allowed suggesting this drug as a candidate for the treatment or prophylaxis of Alzheimer's pathology.