Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C18H31NO4 |
Molecular Weight | 325.4437 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC(C)NCC(COc1ccc(cc1)COCCOC(C)C)O
InChI
InChIKey=VHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H31NO4/c1-14(2)19-11-17(20)13-23-18-7-5-16(6-8-18)12-21-9-10-22-15(3)4/h5-8,14-15,17,19-20H,9-13H2,1-4H3
DescriptionCurator's Comment:: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.healthline.com/drugs/bisoprolol/oral-tablet#Highlights1
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/bisoprolol.html
http://pharm-sci.tbzmed.ac.ir/Drug-Information/Integrative%20Medicine%20Professional%20Access/ProfDrugs/Bisoprololpd.html
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisoprolol
Curator's Comment:: description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.healthline.com/drugs/bisoprolol/oral-tablet#Highlights1
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/bisoprolol.html
http://pharm-sci.tbzmed.ac.ir/Drug-Information/Integrative%20Medicine%20Professional%20Access/ProfDrugs/Bisoprololpd.html
http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00612
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol is a cardioselective beta1-adrenergic blocking agent. It lower the heart rate and blood pressure and may be used to reduce workload on the heart and hence oxygen demands. This results in a reduction of heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and possibly reflex orthostatic hypotension. Bisoprolol can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, ischemic heart diseases, and myocardial infarction after the acute event. General side effects are: fatigue, asthenia, chest pain, malaise, edema, weight gain, angioedema. Concurrent use of rifampin increases the metabolic clearance of bisoprolol fumarate, shortening its elimination half-life.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL213 |
8.8 nM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL289 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9523980 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL340 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9523980 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | ZIAC Approved UseBISOPROLOL FUMARATE is indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Launch Date7.330176E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
52 μg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887325/ |
10 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
40.37 ng/mL |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
661 μg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887325/ |
10 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
609.8 ng × h/mL |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
10 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887325/ |
10 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
11.07 h |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
70% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887325/ |
10 mg 1 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
70% |
10 mg single, oral dose: 10 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
BISOPROLOL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
10 mg single, oral |
unhealthy, 37 - 52 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: liver disease Age Group: 37 - 52 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Other AEs: Dizziness, Tiredness... Other AEs: Dizziness (2 patients) Sources: Tiredness (1 patient) Shortness of breath (1 patient) Faintness (1 patient) |
10 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Highest studied dose Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1327 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: heart failure Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 1327 Sources: |
|
5 mg 1 times / day steady, intravenous (max) Highest studied dose Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: steady Dose: 5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 37 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: myocardial infarction Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 37 Sources: |
|
20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Other AEs: Sweating increased, Arthralgia... Other AEs: Sweating increased (0.7%) Sources: Arthralgia (2.2%) Dizziness (2.9%) Headache (8.8%) Hypoaesthesia (1.1%) Dry mouth (0.7%) Bradycardia (0.4%) Insomnia (1.5%) Diarrhea (2.6%) Nausea (1.5%) Vomiting (1.1%) |
20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Bradycardia, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bradycardia (< 1%) Sources: Fatigue (< 1%) |
40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Hypoaesthesia... Other AEs: Headache (10.9%) Sources: Hypoaesthesia (1.5%) Sweating increased (1%) Arthralgia (2.7%) Dizziness (3.5%) Dry mouth (1.3%) Bradycardia (0.5%) Insomnia (2.5%) Depression (0.2%) Diarrhea (3.5%) Nausea (2.2%) Vomiting (1.5%) |
40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Bradycardia, Fatigue... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bradycardia (< 1%) Sources: Fatigue (< 1%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Faintness | 1 patient | 10 mg single, oral |
unhealthy, 37 - 52 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: liver disease Age Group: 37 - 52 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Shortness of breath | 1 patient | 10 mg single, oral |
unhealthy, 37 - 52 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: liver disease Age Group: 37 - 52 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Tiredness | 1 patient | 10 mg single, oral |
unhealthy, 37 - 52 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: liver disease Age Group: 37 - 52 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Dizziness | 2 patients | 10 mg single, oral |
unhealthy, 37 - 52 years n = 15 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: liver disease Age Group: 37 - 52 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 15 Sources: |
Bradycardia | 0.4% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Dry mouth | 0.7% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Sweating increased | 0.7% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Hypoaesthesia | 1.1% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Vomiting | 1.1% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Insomnia | 1.5% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Nausea | 1.5% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Arthralgia | 2.2% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Diarrhea | 2.6% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Dizziness | 2.9% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Headache | 8.8% | 20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Bradycardia | < 1% Disc. AE |
20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Fatigue | < 1% Disc. AE |
20 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 20 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 273 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 273 Sources: |
Depression | 0.2% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Bradycardia | 0.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Sweating increased | 1% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Dry mouth | 1.3% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Hypoaesthesia | 1.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Vomiting | 1.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Headache | 10.9% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Nausea | 2.2% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Insomnia | 2.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Arthralgia | 2.7% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Diarrhea | 3.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Dizziness | 3.5% | 40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Bradycardia | < 1% Disc. AE |
40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
Fatigue | < 1% Disc. AE |
40 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 40 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 404 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 404 Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Prevention of experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathy in rabbits by receptor blockers. | 2001 |
|
Beta-blockers in heart failure. | 2001 |
|
Cost effectiveness of bisoprolol in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure in Sweden: analysis using data from the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II trial. | 2001 |
|
[Clinical trials on heart failure]. | 2001 |
|
Beta-blocker treatment in heart failure. | 2001 Apr |
|
Results from post-hoc analyses of the CIBIS II trial: effect of bisoprolol in high-risk patient groups with chronic heart failure. | 2001 Aug |
|
Nebivolol, bucindolol, metoprolol and carvedilol are devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in human myocardium. | 2001 Aug |
|
Maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation; sotalol vs bisoprolol. | 2001 Aug |
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Bisoprolol reduces cardiac death and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients as long as 2 years after successful major vascular surgery. | 2001 Aug |
|
[Vascular interventions. Beta blocker protects the heart]. | 2001 Aug 23 |
|
Predictors of medical events and of their competitive interactions in the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study 2 (CIBIS-2). | 2001 Dec |
|
Pharmacokinetic and dynamic interactions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor imidapril with hydrochlorothiazide, bisoprolol and nilvadipine. | 2001 Jul |
|
[Bisprolol in heart failure: efficacy and costs in a French setting according to CIBIS II]. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
Reduced costs with bisoprolol treatment for heart failure: an economic analysis of the second Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS-II). | 2001 Jun |
|
Comparison of the effects of nadolol and bisoprolol on the isoprenaline-evoked dilatation of the dorsal hand vein in man. | 2001 Jun |
|
Beta-blockers to reduce mortality in patients with systolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. | 2001 Jun |
|
Bisoprolol treatment for cyanotic spells--a 69-year-old female with uncorrected pentalogy of Fallot. | 2001 Jun 28 |
|
[Adrenergic beta inhibitors in heart insufficiency: which and when?]. | 2001 Mar |
|
Chiral separation of beta-blockers after derivatization with (-)-alphamethoxy-alpha-(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetyl chloride by gas chromatography. | 2001 Oct |
|
Renin-angiotensin system is involved in the mechanism of increased serum asymmetric dimethylarginine in essential hypertension. | 2001 Sep |
|
[Role of beta-blockers in the treatment of chronic heart heart failure]. | 2001 Sep 16 |
|
[Differential therapy with beta blockers. What is their value, what are the risks?]. | 2001 Sep 27 |
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Bisoprolol: a review of its use in chronic heart failure. | 2002 |
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Optimising the use of beta-blockers in older patients with heart failure. | 2002 |
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Effects of bisoprolol fumarate on left ventricular size, function, and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure: analysis with magnetic resonance myocardial tagging. | 2002 Apr |
|
Maintainance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. | 2002 Apr |
|
Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparison of five classes of antihypertensive drugs. | 2002 Apr |
|
Differential effects of bucindolol and carvedilol on noradenaline-induced hypertrophic response in ventricular cardiomyocytes of adult rats. | 2002 Apr |
|
Beta-blockers work as well in women as in men. | 2002 Apr 5 |
|
[Hormonal hyperactivity in heart failure. Differences in beta blockers]. | 2002 Aug |
|
[Pharmacology of beta blockers and their significance for therapy of hypertension]. | 2002 Aug |
|
Integrated acquisition of analytical and biopharmaceutical screening data for beta-adrenergic-drugs employing diversified macrocycle supported potentiometric detection in HPLC systems. | 2002 Aug |
|
Current research on carvedilol in heart failure. | 2002 Aug |
|
Beta blockers in older persons with heart failure: tolerability and impact on quality of life. | 2002 Dec |
|
Transoesophageal Doppler echocardiography provided important parameters in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy during bisoprolol therapy. | 2002 Feb |
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Bisoprolol for the treatment of chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis on individual data of two placebo-controlled studies--CIBIS and CIBIS II. Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study. | 2002 Feb |
|
[Cost-effectiveness of bisoprolol in chronic heart failure]. | 2002 Feb 14 |
|
[Beta blockers for hypertension. No negative influence on insulin resistance]. | 2002 Feb 21 |
|
Perindopril reverses myocyte remodeling in the hypertensive heart. | 2002 Jan |
|
Comparison of the affinity of beta-blockers for two states of the beta 1-adrenoceptor in ferret ventricular myocardium. | 2002 Jan |
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Efficacy of domestic bisoprolol,enalapril and nifedipine retard in mild to moderate hypertension: a randomized double-blind multicenter clinical trial in China. | 2002 Jul |
|
Beta-blockers are associated with lower C-reactive protein concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease. | 2002 Mar |
|
Factors related to the occurrence of microalbuminuria during antihypertensive treatment in essential hypertension. | 2002 Mar 1 |
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Beta-blocker therapy combined with low-dose pimobendan in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: report on two cases. | 2002 May |
|
Beta-blocker/thiazide combination for treatment of hypertensive children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | 2002 May |
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Beta-blocker decreases the increase in QT dispersion and transmural dispersion of repolarization induced by bepridil. | 2002 Nov |
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Influence of drugs and gender on the arterial pulse wave and natriuretic peptide secretion in untreated patients with essential hypertension. | 2002 Nov |
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Functional beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors in the left and right atrium of pre-hypertensive rats. | 2002 Oct |
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[Beta blockers in heart failure. Start with low and slowly increase the dosage!]. | 2002 Sep 19 |
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Storms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy. | 2003 Jan |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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WHO-VATC |
QC07BB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29576
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
12.4
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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LIVERTOX |
111
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C09BX02
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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NDF-RT |
N0000175556
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
12.1
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
12.3
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-VATC |
QC07AB57
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C07FB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C07FX04
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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NDF-RT |
N0000000161
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C07BB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-VATC |
QC07AB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C07AB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ATC |
C07AB57
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-VATC |
QC07FB07
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
12.2
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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SUB13096MIG
Created by
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Y41JS2NL6U
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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BISOPROLOL
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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19484
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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D017298
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66722-44-9
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PRIMARY | |||
|
Bisoprolol
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
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2405
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
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PRIMARY | |||
|
DB00612
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
5225
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
8316
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
7129
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
66722-44-9
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
M2565
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
C61653
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CHEMBL645
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
380
Created by
admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021 , Edited by admin on Sat Jun 26 01:41:12 UTC 2021
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)