Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C14H10O4 |
Molecular Weight | 242.2268 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O=C(OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H10O4/c15-13(11-7-3-1-4-8-11)17-18-14(16)12-9-5-2-6-10-12/h1-10H
Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) is an organic compound in the peroxide family. It consists of two benzoyl groups bridged by a peroxide link. It is one of the most important organic peroxides in terms of applications and the scale of its production. Benzoyl peroxide is used as an acne treatment, for bleaching hair and teeth. Adverse reactions are: dryness and urticarial reaction, contact dermatitis, application site burning, application site irritation and skin irritation.
Originator
Approval Year
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
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10 % 2 times / day multiple, topical Highest studied dose Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 20 years n = 25 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne vulgaris Age Group: 20 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 25 Sources: |
Other AEs: Peeling, Erythema... Other AEs: Peeling (moderate, 55%) Sources: Erythema (moderate, 30%) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Erythema | moderate, 30% | 10 % 2 times / day multiple, topical Highest studied dose Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 20 years n = 25 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne vulgaris Age Group: 20 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 25 Sources: |
Peeling | moderate, 55% | 10 % 2 times / day multiple, topical Highest studied dose Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 10 %, 2 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 20 years n = 25 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: acne vulgaris Age Group: 20 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 25 Sources: |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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The radical-chain addition of aldehydes to alkenes by the use of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as a polarity-reversal catalyst. | 2001 Nov 21 |
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Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel: a review of its use in the management of acne. | 2002 |
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Influence of polymerization conditions on monomer elution and microhardness of autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin. | 2002 Apr |
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[Topical treatment of acne]. | 2002 Apr 15 |
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Consideration on the formulation of benzoyl peroxide at ambient temperature: choice of non-polar solvent and preparation of submicron emulsion gels. | 2002 Aug |
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Low iron state is associated with reduced tumor promotion in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. | 2002 Aug |
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Improving a self-curing dental resin by eliminating oxygen, hydroquinone and water from its curing process. | 2002 Dec |
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Studies on MMA-tBB resin. I. Comparison of TBB and other initiators in the polymerization of PMMA/MMA resin. | 2002 Dec |
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Study of catalase electrode for organic peroxides assays. | 2002 Dec |
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Optimizing the use of tazarotene for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris through combination therapy. | 2002 Feb |
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A randomized, double-blind comparison of a clindamycin phosphate/benzoyl peroxide gel formulation and a matching clindamycin gel with respect to microbiologic activity and clinical efficacy in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. | 2002 Jul |
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Conventional free radical polymerization in room temperature ionic liquids: a green approach to commodity polymers with practical advantages. | 2002 Jul 7 |
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Study of resin-bonded calcia investment: part 2. Effect of titanium content on the dimensional change of the investment. | 2002 Jun |
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Occupational dermatoses among fibreglass-reinforced plastics factory workers. | 2002 Jun |
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Effect of topical benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin versus topical clindamycin and vehicle in the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes. | 2002 Jun |
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Clindoxyl gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris. | 2002 May |
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Allergic contact dermatitis from benzoyl peroxide transferred by a loving son. | 2002 May |
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A randomized, parallel, vehicle-controlled comparison of two erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide preparations for acne vulgaris. | 2002 May |
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The stability of tretinoin in tretinoin gel microsphere 0.1%. | 2002 Nov |
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Impact of components of denture acrylic resin on gingival cell growth and sensitivity to Candida albicans adhesion. | 2002 Oct |
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Benzoyl peroxide as a cause of airborne contact dermatitis in an orthopaedic technician. | 2002 Oct |
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Kinetic evaluation of the reactivity of flavonoids as radical scavengers. | 2002 Oct |
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Preliminary results of a nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label study of patient satisfaction after treatment with combination benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel for mild to moderate acne. | 2002 Oct |
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Synthesis and characterization of polymethacrylate-based nitric oxide donors. | 2002 Oct 16 |
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Clinical evaluation of Double Strength Isotrexin versus Benzamycin in the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. | 2002 Sep |
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Comparative efficacy of clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide for in vivo suppression of Propionibacterium acnes. | 2002 Sep |
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Iron augments stage-I and stage-II tumor promotion in murine skin. | 2002 Sep 26 |
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Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. | 2003 |
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Inhibition of benzoyl peroxide and ultraviolet-B radiation induced oxidative stress and tumor promotion markers by cycloartenol in murine skin. | 2003 |
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Efficacy and safety of stabilised hydrogen peroxide cream (Crystacide) in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomised, controlled trial versus benzoyl peroxide gel. | 2003 |
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Guidelines for the management of acne vulgaris in adolescents. | 2003 |
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Organic redox-initiated polymerization process for the fabrication of hydrogels for colon-specific drug delivery. | 2003 Apr |
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Management of non-neoplastic ovarian cysts with sclerotherapy. | 2003 Apr |
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Tandem N-alkylation-C-allylation reaction of alpha-imino esters with organoaluminums and allyltributyltin. | 2003 Apr 2 |
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Patch testing with the irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is useful in interpreting weak reactions to contact allergens as allergic or irritant. | 2003 Feb |
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Implications of the BEST study. | 2003 Feb |
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The BEST study: results according to prior treatment. | 2003 Feb |
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The BEST study: evaluating efficacy by selected demographic subsets. | 2003 Feb |
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Overall results of the BEST study following treatment of patients with mild to moderate acne. | 2003 Feb |
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Study design and selection criteria in the BEST study. | 2003 Feb |
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Improving patient satisfaction and acne severity in patients with mild to moderate acne: the BEST study. | 2003 Feb |
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Determination of organic peroxides by liquid chromatography with on-line post-column ultraviolet irradiation and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection. | 2003 Feb 14 |
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Management of acne. | 2003 Jan |
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Topical alpha-tocotrienol supplementation inhibits lipid peroxidation but fails to mitigate increased transepidermal water loss after benzoyl peroxide treatment of human skin. | 2003 Jan 15 |
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Progressive iron overload enhances chemically mediated tumor promotion in murine skin. | 2003 Jan 15 |
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A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group study to compare relative efficacies of the topical gels 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4% in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris of the face. | 2003 Jan-Feb |
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Studies on MMA-TBB resin II. The effect of dual use of TBB and other initiators on polymerization of PMMA/MMA resin. | 2003 Mar |
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Fox-Fordyce disease. | 2003 Mar |
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Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by free radicals. | 2003 May 1 |
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Improved one-pot synthesis of styryl tetrahydrofurans and cyclohexanes by radical addition to beta-nitrostyrenes in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. | 2003 May 9 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Benzamicin gel in combination with adapalene (instead of erythromycin) have to be applied once daily after washing.
Benzamicin gel should be applied twice daily.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806150
The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Benzoyl peroxide were 128 or 256 ug/mL against all isolates of P. acnes
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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JECFA EVALUATION |
E-928
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
13.4
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) |
E-928
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CFR |
21 CFR 176.170
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C28394
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WHO-ATC |
D10AE01
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CFR |
21 CFR 333.310
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
128964
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CFR |
21 CFR 184.1157
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WHO-VATC |
QD10AE01
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WHO-ATC |
D10AE51
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m2389
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C47411
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Benzoyl Peroxide
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BENZOYL PEROXIDE
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BENZOYL PEROXIDE
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PRIMARY | Description: A white, amorphous or granular powder. Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in acetone R; soluble in dichloromethane R with separation of water; slightlysoluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS. Category: Keratolytic agent. Storage: Hydrous Benzoyl peroxide should be kept in a container that has been treated to reduce static discharge and that has a device for the release of excess pressure. Store at a temperature between 2 and 8 ?C, protected from light. Additional information: CAUTION: Hydrous Benzoyl peroxide may explode at temperatures higher than 60 ?C or if its water content is too low. It may burst into flame in the presence of reducing substances. Unused material must not be returned to the original container but destroyed by treating with sodium hydroxide (~80 g/l) TS to a point where no iodine is liberated after acidifying with hydrochloric acid (~70 g/l) TS and adding a crystal of potassium iodide R. Hydrous Benzoyl peroxide loses water rapidly on exposure to air. It must be handled with care, avoiding contact with the skin and mucous membranes and inhalation of airborne particles. | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY