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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH
Molecular Weight 292.549
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS

SMILES

Cl.ClC1=CC=C2NC3=NC(=O)CN3CC2=C1Cl

InChI

InChIKey=TVWRQCIPWUCNMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H7Cl2N3O.ClH/c11-6-1-2-7-5(9(6)12)3-15-4-8(16)14-10(15)13-7;/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H,13,14,16);1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including: http://www.rxlist.com/agrylin-drug.htm | https://www.drugs.com/pro/anagrelide.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20331456

Anagrelide is an orally active quinazinolone derivative that was originally developed as an antiplatelet drug. The drug inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase III (PDEIII) and phopholipase A2, which is thought to cause the side effects of vasodilation, positive inotropism, reduced platelet aggregation. However, significant inhibition of platelet aggregation is observed only at doses of anagrelide higher than those required to reduce platelet count. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders. Commonly reported side effects of anagrelide include: abdominal pain, dizziness, headache, nausea, and palpitations. Other side effects include: back pain, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and anorexia. There is a single case report, which suggests that sucralfate may interfere with anagrelide absorption. Anagrelide is an inhibitor of cyclic AMP PDE III. The effects of medicinal products with similar properties such as inotropes milrinone, enoximone, amrinone, olprinone and cilostazol may be exacerbated by anagrelide.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
36.0 nM [IC50]
Target ID: P05177
Gene ID: 1544.0
Gene Symbol: CYP1A2
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
AGRYLIN

Approved Use

Anagrelide hydrochloride capsules are indicated for the treatment of patients with thrombocythemia, secondary to myeloproliferative disorders, to reduce the elevated platelet count and the risk of thrombosis and to ameliorate associated symptoms including thrombo-hemorrhagic events (see CLINICAL STUDIES, DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).

Launch Date

1997
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.28 ng/mL
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
28.39 ng × h/mL
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
1.38 h
2 mg single, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ANAGRELIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Disc. AE: Dizziness postural, Palpitations...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Dizziness postural (6.25%)
Palpitations (12.5%)
Chest pain (6.25%)
Sinus tachycardia (6.25%)
Abdominal pain (6.25%)
Sources: Page: p.33
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Disc. AE: Headache, Diarrhea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Headache
Diarrhea
Edema
Palpitations
Abdominal pain
Sources: Page: p.4
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Cardiotoxicity, QT interval prolonged...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Cardiotoxicity
QT interval prolonged
Ventricular tachycardia
Pulmonary hypertension
Bleeding
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Palpitations 12.5%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Abdominal pain 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Chest pain 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Dizziness postural 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Sinus tachycardia 6.25%
Disc. AE
1.9 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1.9 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.33
unhealthy, 58
n = 16
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Age Group: 58
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 16
Sources: Page: p.33
Abdominal pain Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Diarrhea Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Edema Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Headache Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Palpitations Disc. AE
1 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 1 mg, 2 times / day
Sources: Page: p.4
unhealthy
n = 942
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Population Size: 942
Sources: Page: p.4
Bleeding Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Cardiotoxicity Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Pulmonary hypertension Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
QT interval prolonged Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
Ventricular tachycardia Disc. AE
10 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (total daily dose)
Recommended
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Thrombocythemia
Sources: Page: p.1
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
New approaches to the treatment of thrombocytosis.
2003 Feb
Management of the myeloproliferative disorders : distinguishing data from dogma.
2004
Treatment paradigms in the management of myeloproliferative disorders.
2004 Apr
The leukemia controversy in myeloproliferative disorders: is it a natural progression of disease, a secondary sequela of therapy, or a combination of both?
2004 Apr
Anagrelide: an update on its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.
2004 Aug
Anagrelide: a decade of clinical experience with its use for the treatment of primary thrombocythaemia.
2004 Aug
[Anagrelide in the treatment of thrombocythemia essential (ET)].
2004 Dec
[Diagnostic and therapeutic management of essential thrombocythemia in children].
2004 Jul-Sep
Thrombocytosis.
2004 Jun 10
Essential thrombocythaemia in children: is a treatment needed?
2004 May
Adverse effects and benefits of two years of anagrelide treatment for thrombocythemia in chronic myeloproliferative disorders.
2004 May
Essential thrombocythemia-related acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A case report and literature review.
2004 May-Jun
Anagrelide-associated cardiomyopathy in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Nov
A long-term study of young patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide.
2004 Nov
[Unclear liver fibrosis in a 42-year-old patient with polycythemia vera].
2004 Nov
Anagrelide therapy in pregnancy: report of a case of essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Nov
Anagrelide for thrombocytosis in myeloproliferative disorders: a prospective study to assess efficacy and adverse event profile.
2004 Nov 15
[Retrospective analysis of the clinical course of 12 children given the diagnosis essential thrombocythemia].
2004 Nov-Dec
Anagrelide treatment in 52 patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases.
2004 Oct
Effects of anagrelide on platelet factor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Sep
Anagrelide-induced visual hallucinations in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.
2004 Sep
Current treatment of myelofibrosis.
2005 Apr
Primary and secondary thrombocytosis in childhood.
2005 Apr
Moyamoya syndrome in an adolescent with essential thrombocythemia: successful intracranial carotid stent placement.
2005 Aug
High-output heart failure associated with anagrelide therapy for essential thrombocytosis.
2005 Aug 16
High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of anagrelide in human plasma.
2005 Aug 5
[Treatment of essential thrombocythemia].
2005 Dec
Definition of subtypes of essential thrombocythaemia and relation to polycythaemia vera based on JAK2 V617F mutation status: a prospective study.
2005 Dec 3
PDGF-A, PDGF-B, TGFbeta, and bFGF mRNA levels in patients with essential thrombocythemia treated with anagrelide.
2005 Feb
Anagrelide is effective in treating patients with hydroxyurea-resistant thrombocytosis in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
2005 Jan
When and how to treat essential thrombocythemia.
2005 Jul 7
Hydroxyurea compared with anagrelide in high-risk essential thrombocythemia.
2005 Jul 7
Myeloproliferative disorders.
2005 Jul-Aug
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Management of patients with polycythaemia vera: results of a survey among Swedish haematologists.
2005 Jun
A critical review of anagrelide therapy in essential thrombocythemia and related disorders.
2005 May
Anagrelide: analysis of long-term efficacy, safety and leukemogenic potential in myeloproliferative disorders.
2005 May
Renal tubular injury associated with anagrelide use.
2005 May
Essential thrombocythemia.
2005 Oct
Anagrelide does not exert a myelodysplastic effect on megakaryopoiesis: a comparative immunohistochemical and morphometric study with hydroxyurea.
2005 Oct
Comparison of the biological activities of anagrelide and its major metabolites in haematopoietic cell cultures.
2005 Oct
Successful outcome with anagrelide in pregnancy.
2005 Oct
Treatment of symptomatic patients with essential thrombocythemia: effectiveness of anagrelide.
2005 Sep
Risk-adapted therapy in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera.
2005 Sep
Anagrelide: a review of its use in the management of essential thrombocythaemia.
2006
Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage associated with essential thrombocytosis.
2006 Feb
'Double hit' from streptococcal pneumonia and hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with anagrelide.
2006 Feb
A preliminary investigation into the action of anagrelide: thrombopoietin-c-Mpl receptor interactions.
2006 Jan
Molecular basis of the diagnosis and treatment of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.
2006 Jun 1
Essential thrombocythemia: scientific advances and current practice.
2006 Mar
Patents

Sample Use Guides

0.5 mg qid or 1 mg bid (2 capsules of 0.5 mg twice a day) for at least one week
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Anagrelide was studied as an inhibitor of PDE fractions I, II and III separated from each other from rabbit heart supernatant. Anagrelide did not inhibit PDE I or II except at a concentration of 10(-4) M where inhibition of 33 and 39%, respectively, was noted. As expected, anagrelide inhibited PDE fraction III with a dose-response curve that was closely similar to that seen in the human platelet preparation. The IC50 for inhibition of the rabbit heart PDE fraction III was 7 x 10(-8) M.
Name Type Language
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS
ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
Common Name English
6,7-DICHLORO-1,5-DIHYDROIMIDAZO(2,1-.BETA.)-QUINAZOLIN-2(3H)-ONE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
NSC-759170
Code English
ANAGRELIDE HCL
Common Name English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [VANDF]
Common Name English
NSC-724577
Code English
ANAGRELIDE HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]
Common Name English
Anagrelide hydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
IMIDAZO(2,1-.BETA.)QUINAZOLIN-2(3H)-ONE, 6,7-DICHLORO-1,5-DIHYDRO-, MONOHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C1327
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
EU-Orphan Drug EU/3/00/010
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
MESH
C021139
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
58579-51-4
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL760
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB00523MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DBSALT000379
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
55345
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m1886
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
DAILYMED
VNS4435G39
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
724577
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000090407
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0046725
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
135413494
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
759170
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
VNS4435G39
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C28826
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
236612
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:23:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm