U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry EPIMERIC
Molecular Formula C6H12O3
Molecular Weight 132.1577
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PARALDEHYDE

SMILES

C[C@H]1OC(C)O[C@@H](C)O1

InChI

InChIKey=SQYNKIJPMDEDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C6H12O3/c1-4-7-5(2)9-6(3)8-4/h4-6H,1-3H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://drugs.healthgrove.com/l/1199/Paraldehyde and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0011591/?report=details

Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. It was introduced into clinical practice in the UK by the Italian physician Vincenzo Cervello in 1882. It is a central nervous system depressant and was soon found to be an effective anticonvulsant, hypnotic and sedative. It was included in some cough medicines as an expectorant (though there is no known mechanism for this function beyond the placebo effect). Paraldehyde also has been used in the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions to calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense and to produce sleep. However, this medicine has generally been replaced by safer and more effective medicines for the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions.

CNS Activity

Originator

Wildenbusch, V.H.
1
Curator's Comment: Paraldehyde was discovered by Wildenbusch in 1829 and introduced into clinical practice by Vincenzo Cervello in 1882

Approval Year

1921
1467
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Approved
8429
Paraldehyde Injection

Approved Use

Paraldehyde is used to treat certain convulsive disorders. It also has been used in the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions to calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense and to produce sleep. However, paraldehyde has generally been replaced by safer and more effective medicines for the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions.

Launch Date

2009
Primary
Approved
8429
Paraldehyde Injection

Approved Use

Paraldehyde is used to treat certain convulsive disorders. It also has been used in the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions to calm or relax patients who are nervous or tense and to produce sleep. However, paraldehyde has generally been replaced by safer and more effective medicines for the treatment of alcoholism and in the treatment of nervous and mental conditions.

Launch Date

2009
Primary
Approved
8429
Paraldehyde Injection

Approved Use

Paraldehyde has been used as a sedative and hypnotic. It may also be used in the treatment of convulsive episodes arising from tetanus, status epilepticus and poisoning by convulsive drugs. Paraldehyde may be effective in reducing the anxiety associated with withdrawal from drugs such as narcotics or barbiturates, as well as in the management of acute agitation or delirium tremens due to alcohol withdrawal.

Launch Date

2009
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
247 μg/mL
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6694030
150 mg/kg/h other, intravenous
dose: 150 mg/kg/h
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: OTHER
co-administered:
PARALDEHYDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: NEWBORN
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.2 h
EXPERIMENT
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6694030
150 mg/kg/h other, intravenous
dose: 150 mg/kg/h
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: OTHER
co-administered:
PARALDEHYDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: NEWBORN
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
360 mL 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 360 mL, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 360 mL, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
unhealthy, 38 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 38 years
Sex: M
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
Disc. AE: Metabolic acidosis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Metabolic acidosis (severe, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
200 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 200 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 200 mg/kg
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11785507
unhealthy, 40.1 weeks
n = 20
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 40.1 weeks
Population Size: 20
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11785507
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11785507
120 mL 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 120 mL, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mL, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
unhealthy, 43 years
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 43 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
Disc. AE: Metabolic acidosis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Metabolic acidosis (severe, 1 patient)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL 1 times / 15 min multiple, intramuscular|intramuscular|intravenous|intravenous|intravenous (complex)
Dose: 5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL, 1 times / 15 min
Route: intramuscular|intramuscular|intravenous|intravenous|intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL, 1 times / 15 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
unhealthy, 65 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 65 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
Other AEs: Pulmonary edema...
Other AEs:
Pulmonary edema
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
10 mL 1 times / 30 min multiple, rectal
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
unhealthy
n = 17
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Severe Delirium Tremens
Population Size: 17
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
Disc. AE: Apnea...
Other AEs: Fever, Tachypnea...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Apnea (grade 5, 2 patients)
Other AEs:
Fever (9 patients)
Tachypnea (9 patients)
Tachycardia (9 patients)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
120 mL single, oral
Dose: 120 mL
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 120 mL
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
unknown
n = 1
Health Status: unknown
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
Other AEs: Pulmonary edema, Congestion pulmonary...
Other AEs:
Pulmonary edema (grade 5)
Congestion pulmonary (grade 5)
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Metabolic acidosis severe, 1 patient
Disc. AE
360 mL 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 360 mL, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 360 mL, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
unhealthy, 38 years
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 38 years
Sex: M
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
Metabolic acidosis severe, 1 patient
Disc. AE
120 mL 1 times / day multiple, oral
Dose: 120 mL, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 120 mL, 1 times / day
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
unhealthy, 43 years
n = 3
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 43 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 3
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13487613
Pulmonary edema
5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL 1 times / 15 min multiple, intramuscular|intramuscular|intravenous|intravenous|intravenous (complex)
Dose: 5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL, 1 times / 15 min
Route: intramuscular|intramuscular|intravenous|intravenous|intravenous
Route: multiple
Dose: 5 |5 | 3| 5| 5 mL, 1 times / 15 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
unhealthy, 65 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 65 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
Fever 9 patients
10 mL 1 times / 30 min multiple, rectal
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
unhealthy
n = 17
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Severe Delirium Tremens
Population Size: 17
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
Tachycardia 9 patients
10 mL 1 times / 30 min multiple, rectal
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
unhealthy
n = 17
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Severe Delirium Tremens
Population Size: 17
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
Tachypnea 9 patients
10 mL 1 times / 30 min multiple, rectal
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
unhealthy
n = 17
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Severe Delirium Tremens
Population Size: 17
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
Apnea grade 5, 2 patients
Disc. AE
10 mL 1 times / 30 min multiple, rectal
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Route: rectal
Route: multiple
Dose: 10 mL, 1 times / 30 min
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
unhealthy
n = 17
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Severe Delirium Tremens
Population Size: 17
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1090222
Congestion pulmonary grade 5
120 mL single, oral
Dose: 120 mL
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 120 mL
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
unknown
n = 1
Health Status: unknown
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
Pulmonary edema grade 5
120 mL single, oral
Dose: 120 mL
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 120 mL
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
unknown
n = 1
Health Status: unknown
Population Size: 1
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7105866
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
001 Chemical
DY41712
https://www.001chemical.com/chem/123-63-7
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp
3B4-0820
http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=18668
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp
3B4-3110
http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=77742
Acadechem
ACDS-036519
http://www.acadechemical.com/product/111218
Aceschem
ACS015401
https://www.aceschem.com/catalog/123-63-7.html
Achemtek
0104-018731
http://www.achemtek.com/123-63-7
Angene
AGN-PC-0JKLU0
http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0JKLU0.html
Anward
ANW-56373
http://www.anward.com/pro_result/42824
BioSynth
J-523868
https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/all-products/products/J-523868.html
ChemMol
49415702
http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49415702.html
Chemspace
CSSS00016148904
https://chem-space.com/CSSS00016148904
Clearsynth
CS-EB-01617
https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSEB01617.html
Clearsynth
CS-ER-01609
https://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSER01609.html
Finetech
FT-0650173
http://www.finetechnology-ind.com/product_detail.shtml?catalogNo=FT-0650173
Glentham Life Sciences
GK9043
http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GK9043/
Hairui
HR147213
http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/123-63-7.html
LGC Standards
DRE-C15848200
https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/DRE-C15848200
Molcore
MC41712
https://www.molcore.com/product/123-63-7
Otava
2826861
https://search.otavachemicals.com/#!/search?query=2826861&type=code&base=dbb
Renno Tech
RP19992
http://www.rennotech.com/product_show.asp?id=25742
Sigma-Aldrich
743844_ALDRICH
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/743844?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich
76260_ALDRICH
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/76260?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich
P5520_SIGMA
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/p5520?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sigma-Aldrich
1496959_USP
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/usp/1496959?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Sinfoo Biotech
S020862
http://www.sinfoobiotech.com/product/1024260
Smolecule
S538626
http://www.smolecule.com/products/s538626
THE BioTek
bt-278780
https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-278780
VladaChem
VL166706
https://www.vladachem.com/product.php?products=123-63-7
VladaChem
VL272104-250ML
https://www.vladachem.com/product.php?products=123-63-7
Yuhao Chemical
XJ0507
http://www.chemyuhao.com/123-63-7.html
abcr GmbH
AB251765
http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB251765
iChemical
EBD17268
http://www.ichemical.com/chemicals/cas-123-63-7
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Dangers of treatment of status epilepticus with diazepam.
1969 Jan 18
Effects of drugs on the initiation and maintenance of status epilepticus induced by administration of pilocarpine to lithium-pretreated rats.
1987 Jul
Complications following sedation of paediatric oncology patients undergoing radiotherapy.
1998 Oct-Dec
Game and balance multicast architecture algorithms for sensor grid.
2009
Energy balanced strategies for maximizing the lifetime of sparsely deployed underwater acoustic sensor networks.
2009
Patents

Patents

04070366
9
04072694
1
04845233
1
04880775
1
08592370
1
JPS58134044A
1

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Can also be used as Injection Solution (intramuscularly) http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/profs/datasheet/p/Paraldehydeinj.pdf
Usual adult dose: Anticonvulsant Oral, up to 12 mL (diluted to a 10% solution) via gastric tube every four hours as needed; Rectal, 10 to 20 mL; Usual pediatric dose: Anticonvulsant Oral, 0.3 mL per kg of body weight or 12 mL per square meter of body surface; Rectal, 0.3 mL per kg of body weight or 12 mL per square meter of body surface.
Route of Administration: Enteral
In Vitro Use Guide
Paraldehyde (3.8 X 10(-3) M) reduced TEA induced contractures of the chick biventer cervicis muscle
Name Type Language
PARALDEHYDE
EP   FHFI   HSDB   MART.   MI   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
Common Name English
PARALDEHYDE [MART.]
Common Name English
1,3,5-TRIOXANE, 2,4,6-TRIMETHYL-
Systematic Name English
PARALDEHYDE [VANDF]
Common Name English
FEMA NO. 4010
Code English
PARALDEHYDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
PARAL
Brand Name English
2,4,6-Trimethyl-S-trioxane
Common Name English
NSC-9799
Code English
PARALDEHYDE [FHFI]
Brand Name English
Paraldehyde [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
PARACETALDEHYDE
Common Name English
PARALDEHYDE [HSDB]
Common Name English
PARALDEHYDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
PARALDEHYDE [MI]
Common Name English
PARALDEHYDE CIV [USP-RS]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
DEA NO. 2585
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC N05CC05
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QN05CC05
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
WIKIPEDIA
PARALDEHYDE
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:19 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:19 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
26893-98-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
ALTERNATIVE
HSDB
3375
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000079727
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
204-639-8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
1499-02-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
ALTERNATIVE
RS_ITEM_NUM
1496959
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m8401
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
RXCUI
7909
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
EVMPD
SUB14774MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
1423-82-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
ALTERNATIVE
MESH
D010242
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
27909
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB09117
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
S6M3YBG8QA
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
31264
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
9799
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
123-63-7
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1410743
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID9023419
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2058
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:40:18 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ACTIVE MOIETY
Structure of PARALDEHYDE
NIH
NCATS
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ACCESSIBILITY
DISCLAIMER
HHS VULNERABILITY DISCLOSURE
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