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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C9H15N5O3.2ClH
Molecular Weight 314.169
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 3 / 3
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE

SMILES

Cl.Cl.[H][C@@]1(CNC2=C(N1)C(=O)N=C(N)N2)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O

InChI

InChIKey=RKSUYBCOVNCALL-NTVURLEBSA-N
InChI=1S/C9H15N5O3.2ClH/c1-3(15)6(16)4-2-11-7-5(12-4)8(17)14-9(10)13-7;;/h3-4,6,12,15-16H,2H2,1H3,(H4,10,11,13,14,17);2*1H/t3-,4+,6-;;/m0../s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.biomarin.com/products/kuvan

Sapropterin dihydrochloride, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Kuvan Tablets, is a synthetic preparation of the dihydrochloride salt of naturally occurring tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Kuvan is indicated to reduce blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4-) responsive Phenylketonuria (PKU). Kuvan is to be used in conjunction with a Phe-restricted diet. Kuvan has received orphan drug designation from both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA). Kuvan is a synthetic form of BH4, the cofactor for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). PAH hydroxylates Phe through an oxidative reaction to form tyrosine. In patients with PKU, PAH activity is absent or deficient. Treatment with BH4 can activate residual PAH enzyme, improve the normal oxidative metabolism of Phe, and decrease Phe levels in some patients.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Asubio Pharma (a US-based independent subsidiary of Daiichi Sankyo)

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
KUVAN

Approved Use

Kuvan® (sapropterin dihydrochloride) is indicated to reduce blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4-) responsive Phenylketonuria (PKU). Kuvan is to be used in conjunction with a Phe-restricted diet. Kuvan is a phenylalanine hydroxylase activator indicated to reduce blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels in patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin‑ (BH4‑) responsive Phenylketonuria (PKU). Kuvan is to be used in conjunction with a Phe‑restricted diet (1).

Launch Date

2007
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
84.1 ng/mL
10 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 10 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
SAPROPTERIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
559 ng × h/mL
10 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 10 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
SAPROPTERIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3.67 h
10 mg/kg single, oral
dose: 10 mg/kg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
SAPROPTERIN plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.705
unhealthy, 7.7
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Phenylketonuria
Age Group: 7.7
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: p.705
45 mg/kg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 45 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 45 mg/kg
Sources: Page: p.10
unhealthy, child
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Age Group: child
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.10
Disc. AE: Hyperactivity...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hyperactivity
Sources: Page: p.10
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Hypersensitivity reaction, Anaphylaxis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylaxis
Gastritis
Hyperactivity
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Hyperactivity Disc. AE
45 mg/kg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 45 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 45 mg/kg
Sources: Page: p.10
unhealthy, child
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Age Group: child
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.10
Anaphylaxis Disc. AE
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Sources: Page: p.1
Gastritis Disc. AE
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Sources: Page: p.1
Hyperactivity Disc. AE
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Sources: Page: p.1
Hypersensitivity reaction Disc. AE
20 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 20 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) due to tetrahydrobiopterin- (BH4 -) responsive Phenylketonuria
Sources: Page: p.1
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Tetrahydrobiopterin binding to aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Ligand recognition and specificity.
2004 Nov 18
New era in treatment for phenylketonuria: Pharmacologic therapy with sapropterin dihydrochloride.
2010 Aug 9
Patents

Sample Use Guides

The recommended starting dose is 10 mg/kg/day taken once daily. Response to therapy is determined by change in blood Phe following treatment with drug at 10 mg/kg/day for a period of up to 1 month. Blood Phe levels should be checked after 1 week of treatment and periodically for up to a month. If blood Phe does not decrease from baseline at 10 mg/kg/day, the dose may be increased to 20 mg/kg/day. Patients whose blood Phe does not decrease after 1 month of treatment at 20 mg/kg/day are non-responders, and treatment should be discontinued in these patients. Once responsiveness to drug has been established, the dosage may be adjusted within the range of 5 to 20 mg/kg/day according to response to therapy. Doses above 20 mg/kg/day have not been evaluated in clinical trials.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
The effect of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, SAPROPTERIN) on subunit structure and activity of microsomal and cytosolic Type III nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) was compared. BH4 activates NOS III in the primordial human placenta by promoting its subunit assembly in the membrane, while cytosolic NOS III is relatively insensitive to BH4. Incubation of microsomal membranes with 50 microM final concentration BH4 for 10 min at 37 degrees C resulted in a striking conversion of monomeric NOS III into a protein having the characteristics (electrophoretic mobility, resistance to sodium dodecyl sulphate) of the homodimeric form. In contrast, BH4 induced significantly less marked changes in the NOS III dimer content of cytosolic fractions. Enzyme activity in microsomes is stimulated approximately 6-fold upon addition of 50 microM BH4, while only a 2-fold activation is detectable in cytosolic fractions.
Name Type Language
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE
DASH   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN  
Official Name English
(6R)-L-ERYTHRO-TETRAHYDROBIOPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
KUVAN
Brand Name English
(-)-(6R)-2-AMINO-6-((1R,2S)-1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPYL)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-4(3H)-PTERIDINONE DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Systematic Name English
SAPROPTERIN HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN]
Common Name English
T1401
Code English
BIOPTEN
Brand Name English
SUN-0588
Code English
SAPROPTERIN HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.]
Common Name English
Sapropterin dihydrochloride [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE [USAN]
Common Name English
SAPROPTERIN HYDROCHLORIDE
JAN   MART.  
Common Name English
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE [MI]
Common Name English
(6R)-2-Amino-6-[(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxypropyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4(1H)-pteridinone dihydrochloride
Systematic Name English
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE [VANDF]
Common Name English
PHENOPTIN
Brand Name English
4(1H)-PTERIDINONE,2-AMINO-6-((1R,2S)-1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPYL)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-, DIHYDROCHLORIDE, (6R)-
Common Name English
DAPROPTERIN HYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
T-1401
Code English
(6.BETA.)-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-L-BIOPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C275
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS KUVAN (AUTHORIZED: PHENYLKETONURIAS)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
DRUG BANK
DBSALT001133
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
135409471
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C78088
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
RG277LF5B3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0040620
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
RG277LF5B3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
32120
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m9775
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB27757
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201774
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
USAN
RR-106
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
69056-38-8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
753341
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
SMS_ID
100000091700
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:04:22 GMT 2023
PRIMARY