UREA HYDROCHLORIDE

US Previously Marketed

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	CH4N2O.ClH
Molecular Weight	96.516
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

Cl.NC(N)=O

InChI

InChIKey=VYWQTJWGWLKBQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/CH4N2O.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H4,2,3,4);1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/environmental/html/urea_text.htm | https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=urea&t=actions | https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=pastaron%2010%25 | https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/interview/pastaron_20_201212.pdf

Pastaron (Urea) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. It is a very important starting material in a number of chemical syntheses, and is used on an industrial scale for the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and resins. Urea is an osmotic diuretic similar to mannitol but more irritant. Applied topically, urea promotes hydration of keratin and mild keratolysis in dry skin. It increases water uptake by the stratum corneum and has an antipruritic effect. Pastaron is used to soften rough or dry skin caused by skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, keratosis, and others.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
water homeostasis 3 Target ID: GO:0030104 Sources: https://www.ndrugs.com/?s=urea&t=actions	Modulator 846

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Ichthyosis 10 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_20_201406.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966
Eczema 46 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_20_201406.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966
Keratosis 3 Sources: https://medinfo-sato.com/products/pastaron/document/pastaron_10.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8583	UREAPHIL Approved Use Pastaron is used topically to treat hyperkeratotic conditions such as dry, rough skin, ichthyosis (rough, thick, and scaly skin), skin cracks and fissures, dermatitis (inflammation of skin), eczema, psoriasis, keratosis (rough, scaly patch on skin) and calluses (hard and thickened area on skin, especially hands or feet). Launch Date 1966

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Selective inactivation of guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G-protein) alpha and betagamma subunits by urea.	2001-03-01	11171112
Molecular characterization of a novel urea transporter from kidney inner medullary collecting ducts.	2001-03	11181411
Urea sensitizes mIMCD3 cells to heat shock-induced apoptosis: protection by NaCl.	2001-03	11171581
The impact of urea on viscosity of hydroxethyl cellulose and observed mobility of deoxyribonucleic acids.	2001-03	11169392
Evaluation of a novel vitamin E coated cellulosic membrane hollow fiber dialyzer.	2001-02-24	11199319
A Gaussian statistical mechanical model for the equilibrium thermodynamics of barnase folding.	2001-02-23	11178914
Predicting the kinetics of peptide-antibody interactions using a multivariate experimental design of sequence and chemical space.	2001-02-17	11180562
[Clinical value of urinary biochemical parameters].	2001-02-15	11174096
Do urea and sodium chloride together increase the efficacy of moisturisers for atopic dermatitis Skin? A comparative, double-blind and randomised study.	2001-02-15	11174088
Cisplatin pharmacokinetics and its nephrotoxicity in diabetic rabbits.	2001-02-15	11173815
Determination of macromolecular folding and structure by synchrotron x-ray radiolysis techniques.	2001-02-15	11161303
Structural stabilization of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from Halobacterium salinarum.	2001-02-06	11170454
The combination ace-inhibitors plus canreonate in patients with anterior myocardial infarction: safety and tolerability study.	2001-02	11182173
Physiological and molecular characterization of urea transport by the gills of the Lake Magadi tilapia (Alcolapia grahami).	2001-02	11171302
Renal replacement therapy and secondary hyperoxalemia in chronic renal failure.	2001-02	11169031
Protein-bound uremic solutes: the forgotten toxins.	2001-02	11169024
DNA damage of lymphocytes in experimental chronic renal failure: beneficial effects of losartan.	2001-02	11169013
Carbamoylation of amino acids and proteins in uremia.	2001-02	11168993
Role of nitric oxide in the synthesis of guanidinosuccinic acid, an activator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.	2001-02	11168991
Increased reduction of dimethylarginines and lowered interdialytic blood pressure by the use of biocompatible membranes.	2001-02	11168977
Urea-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition and macrophage proliferation.	2001-02	11168974
How to determine ionic dialysance for the online assessment of delivered dialysis dose.	2001-02	11168961
Changing hemodialysis thresholds for optimal survival.	2001-02	11168957
Functional glucocorticoid receptors in the mesonephros of the ovine fetus.	2001-02	11168924
Urea is a product of ureidoglycolate degradation in chickpea. Purification and characterization of the ureidoglycolate urea-lyase.	2001-02	11161040
Quantification of benzoic, phenylacetic, and phenylbutyric acids from filter-paper blood spots by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution.	2001-02	11159791
Plasma transforming growth factor beta(1) and platelet activation: implications for studies in transplant recipients.	2001-02	11158413
Localization of the RAR interaction domain of cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II.	2001-01-26	11162104
Intestinal fatty acid binding protein: the folding mechanism as determined by NMR studies.	2001-01-23	11170390
Mapping the energy surface for the folding reaction of the coiled-coil peptide GCN4-p1.	2001-01-23	11170389
Canine parvovirus capsid assembly and differences in mammalian and insect cells.	2001-01-20	11162810
Synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of symmetric and nonsymmetric cyclic sulfamide HIV-1 protease inhibitors.	2001-01-18	11170625
Effect of some enhancers on the permeation of haloperidol through rat skin in vitro.	2001-01-16	11165082
N-(Hydroxyaminocarbonyl)phenylalanine: a novel class of inhibitor for carboxypeptidase A.	2001-01	11197339
An approach to the sensitivity of temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis in the detection of clonally expanded T-cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.	2001-01	11197175
Evaluation of serological markers for the immunodiagnosis of acute acquired toxoplasmosis.	2001-01	11192507
Antipseudomonal antibiotics.	2001-01	11190351
Leaf ureide degradation and N(2) fixation tolerance to water deficit in soybean.	2001-01	11181724
Glucose appearance rate after the ingestion of galactose.	2001-01	11172481
Evaluation of fish models of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition.	2001-01	11171526
Effect of denaturants on the emulsifying activity of proteins.	2001-01	11170589
Improvement of metabolic performance of cultured hepatocytes by high oxygen tension in the atmosphere.	2001-01	11167552
The capsaicin analogue SDZ249-665 attenuates the hyper-reflexia and referred hyperalgesia associated with inflammation of the rat urinary bladder.	2001-01	11166479
In search of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes in West Africa: the design and results of the first phase of the AADM study.	2001-01	11164120
Influence of nutritional factors and hemodialysis adequacy on the survival of 1,610 French patients.	2001-01	11158868
The complexity of simplicity.	2001	11182883
Investigating the reaction of a novel silica capillary coating compound with proteins/peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	2001	11180552
Diagnostic accuracy of (13)C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with partial gastric resection due to peptic ulcer disease: a prospective multicenter study.	2001	11173894
High density culturing of porcine hepatocytes immobilized on nonwoven polyurethane-based biomatrices.	2001	11173802
Characterization of nuclear factors binding to AT-rich element in the rat p53 promoter.	2001	11169742

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Applied to the affected area one or several times a day.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Endometrial explants were cultured and treated with 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 mM of urea. Relative FGF2 gene expression was less in explants treated with a greater concentration of urea (16mM) when compared with lesser concentrations. Expression of HSPA1A, IGFBP3, and SERPINA14 genes was greater in explants exposed to lesser concentrations of urea (4mM). Greater concentrations of urea have negative effects on some endometrial gene expression, while moderate concentrations have positive effects.

Name

Type

Language

CARBAMIDE CHLORIDE

Preferred Name

English

UREA HYDROCHLORIDE

Systematic Name

English

Urea hydrochloride [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

UREA HYDROCHLORIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

UREA HYDROCHLORIDE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

MERCK INDEX

m11322