U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula C15H15NO2S
Molecular Weight 273.35
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of MODAFINIL

SMILES

NC(=O)C[S+]([O-])C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=YFGHCGITMMYXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C15H15NO2S/c16-14(17)11-19(18)15(12-7-3-1-4-8-12)13-9-5-2-6-10-13/h1-10,15H,11H2,(H2,16,17)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021875s023lbl.pdf | https://www.drugs.com/pro/armodafinil.html

Armodafinil is the R-enantiomer of modafinil, a wake-promoting agent, that primarily affects areas of the brain involved in controlling wakefulness. Armodafinil is an indirect dopamine receptor agonist; both armodafinil and modafinil bind in vitro to the dopamine transporter and inhibit dopamine reuptake. Armodafinil tablets are indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), narcolepsy, or shift work disorder (SWD). Once-daily armodafinil was generally well tolerated in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with OSA (despite treatment of the underlying condition), narcolepsy or SWSD.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
51.79 µM [IC50]
51.79 µM [IC50]
13.0 µM [Ki]
4.0 µM [IC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
PROVIGIL

Approved Use

Provigil is indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or shift work disorder (SWD).

Launch Date

1998
Primary
PROVIGIL

Approved Use

Provigil is indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), or shift work disorder (SWD).

Launch Date

1998
Primary
NUVIGIL

Approved Use

NUVIGIL is indicated to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy and shift work disorder. In OSA, NUVIGIL is indicated as an adjunct to standard treatment(s) for the underlying obstruction. If continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the treatment of choice for a patient, a maximal effort to treat with CPAP for an adequate period of time should be made prior to initiating NUVIGIL. If NUVIGIL is used adjunctively with CPAP, the encouragement of and periodic assessment of CPAP compliance is necessary. In all cases, careful attention to the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying sleep disorder(s) is of utmost importance. Prescribers should be aware that some patients may have more than one sleep disorder contributing to their excessive sleepiness. The effectiveness of NUVIGIL in long-term use (greater than 12 weeks) has not been systematically evaluated in placebo-controlled trials. The physician who elects to prescribe NUVIGIL for an extended time in patients should periodically re-evaluate long-term usefulness for the individual patient.

Launch Date

2007
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.4 μg/mL
200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
10.5 μg/mL
250 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
10 μg/mL
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
13.4 μg/mL
400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
1.8 μg/mL
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
4 μg/mL
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
6.9 μg/mL
400 mg single, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
7 μg/mL
300 mg single, oral
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
1.1 μg/mL
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
2.4 μg/mL
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
2.2 μg/mL
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: HIGH-FAT
4.1 μg/mL
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
105.9 μg × h/mL
200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
136.1 μg × h/mL
250 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 250 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
150.4 μg × h/mL
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
189.5 μg × h/mL
400 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
23.4 μg × h/mL
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
56.2 μg × h/mL
100 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: MULTIPLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
142.9 μg × h/mL
400 mg single, oral
dose: 400 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
146 μg × h/mL
300 mg single, oral
dose: 300 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
15.9 μg × h/mL
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
40.6 μg × h/mL
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
43.8 μg × h/mL
100 mg single, oral
dose: 100 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: HIGH-FAT
75.9 μg × h/mL
200 mg single, oral
dose: 200 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
13.8 h
50 mg single, oral
dose: 50 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ARMODAFINIL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 21 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: idiopathic hypersomnia
Age Group: 21 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Disc. AE: Stevens-Johnson syndrome...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1 patient)
Sources:
400 mg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 400 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 400 mg
Sources:
healthy, 21–40 years
n = 6
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 21–40 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 6
Sources:
400 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
healthy, 21–40 years
n = 4
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 21–40 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 4
Sources:
Disc. AE: Adverse event...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Adverse event
Sources:
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources:
Disc. AE: Headache...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Headache (1%)
Sources:
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources: Page: p.6
Disc. AE: Rash, Angioneurotic edema...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Rash (2%)
Angioneurotic edema (1%)
Hyperhidrosis (1%)
Rash papular (1%)
Sources: Page: p.6
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 1 patient
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 21 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: idiopathic hypersomnia
Age Group: 21 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Adverse event Disc. AE
400 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 400 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
healthy, 21–40 years
n = 4
Health Status: healthy
Age Group: 21–40 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 4
Sources:
Headache 1%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources:
Angioneurotic edema 1%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources: Page: p.6
Hyperhidrosis 1%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources: Page: p.6
Rash papular 1%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources: Page: p.6
Rash 2%
Disc. AE
150 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 150 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
n = 645
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 645
Sources: Page: p.6
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Non-amphetaminic mechanism of stimulant locomotor effect of modafinil in mice.
1995 Dec
Dopaminergic role in stimulant-induced wakefulness.
2001 Mar 1
Differential enhancement of dialysate serotonin levels in distinct brain regions of the awake rat by modafinil: possible relevance for wakefulness and depression.
2002 Apr 1
Modafinil in treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Results of an open-label study.
2002 Aug
The SK-N-MC cell line expresses an orexin binding site different from recombinant orexin 1-type receptor.
2002 Feb
Effect of modafinil at steady state on the single-dose pharmacokinetic profile of warfarin in healthy volunteers.
2002 Feb
Maintaining alertness and performance during sleep deprivation: modafinil versus caffeine.
2002 Jan
Narcolepsy and psychopathology: is there an association?
2002 Jul
Gateways to clinical trials.
2002 Jul-Aug
Modafinil in the treatment of depression with severe comorbid medical illness.
2002 Jul-Aug
Gateways to Clinical Trials. June 2002.
2002 Jun
Study of the addictive potential of modafinil in naive and cocaine-experienced rats.
2002 Jun
Clinical applications of modafinil in stimulant abusers: low abuse potential.
2002 Summer
Temporal pattern of hippocampal high-frequency oscillations during sleep after stimulant-evoked waking.
2003
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: definition, pathophysiology and treatment.
2003
[Therapy of day time fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis].
2003
Chiral analysis of d- and l-modafinil in human serum: application to human pharmacokinetic studies.
2003 Apr
Modafinil in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
2003 Aug
TetraTab--cognitive enhancement gone wrong.
2003 Aug
Pharmacogenomics in the treatment of narcolepsy.
2003 Jan
Pro: modafinil has a role in management of sleep apnea.
2003 Jan 15
Modafinil for treatment of cognitive side effects of antiepileptic drugs in a patient with seizures and stroke.
2003 Jun
Modafinil treatment of opioid-induced sedation.
2003 Jun
Reduction in excess daytime sleepiness by modafinil in patients with myotonic dystrophy.
2003 Jun
Cataplexy worsened by modafinil.
2003 Jun 15
Modafinil increases histamine release in the anterior hypothalamus of rats.
2003 Mar 20
Modafinil and cocaine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled drug interaction study.
2003 May 1
The safety and efficacy of modafinil in multiple sclerosis-related fatigue.
2003 Oct
Narcolepsy drug could be approved for wider use.
2003 Oct 4
The quest for a smart pill.
2003 Sep
You'll lose sleep over this pill.
2003 Sep 29
Dosing regimen effects of modafinil for improving daytime wakefulness in patients with narcolepsy.
2003 Sep-Oct
Anti-narcoleptic agent modafinil and its sulfone: a novel facile synthesis and potential anti-epileptic activity.
2004 Aug
Modafinil treatment of excessive sedation associated with divalproex sodium.
2004 Jan
Piperidine-based nocaine/modafinil hybrid ligands as highly potent monoamine transporter inhibitors: efficient drug discovery by rational lead hybridization.
2004 Nov 18
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of modafinil for cocaine dependence.
2005 Jan
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
Modafinil for excessive sleepiness associated with chronic shift work sleep disorder: effects on patient functioning and health-related quality of life.
2007
Psychostimulants and military operations.
2007 Apr
Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea induced by serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibiting antidepressants.
2007 Jul
Smoked cocaine self-administration is decreased by modafinil.
2008 Mar
Open-label pilot study of modafinil for methamphetamine dependence.
2009 Oct
[Modafinil in psychiatric disorders: the promising state reconsidered].
2010
Modafinil effects on reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of relapse.
2010 Jun
Normalizing effects of modafinil on sleep in chronic cocaine users.
2010 Mar
Modafinil for bipolar depression with comorbid methamphetamine abuse.
2010 Mar-Apr
A retrospective review of supratherapeutic modafinil exposures.
2010 Sep
Armodafinil in the treatment of sleep/wake disorders.
2010 Sep 7
Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
2015 May 18
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Dosage in Narcolepsy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) The recommended dosage of PROVIGIL (Modafinil ) for patients with narcolepsy or OSA is 200 mg taken orally once a day as a single dose in the morning.
Route of Administration: Oral
At high concentrations of modafinil (>/=100 uM), the mean activity of CYP2C9 in pooled human liver microsomes was decreased (up to 60%) relative to that in the solvent controls.
Name Type Language
MODAFINIL
EP   HSDB   INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
NSC-759110
Code English
CEP-1538
Code English
THN-102 COMPONENT MODAFINIL
Code English
CEP 1538
Code English
ACETAMIDE, 2-((DIPHENYLMETHYL)SULFINYL)-
Systematic Name English
MODAFINIL [MART.]
Common Name English
DEP-1538
Code English
CRL 40476
Code English
NSC-751178
Code English
MODAFINIL [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
(±)-MODAFINIL
Common Name English
CRL-40476
Code English
THN102 COMPONENT MODAFINIL
Code English
MODAFINIL [USAN]
Common Name English
2-[(Diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide
Systematic Name English
CRC-40476
Code English
MODIODAL
Brand Name English
Modafinil [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL [JAN]
Common Name English
modafinil [INN]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL CIV
USP-RS  
Common Name English
MODAFINIL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL [HSDB]
Common Name English
MODAPHONIL
Brand Name English
PROVIGIL
Brand Name English
MODAFINIL [MI]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL CIV [USP-RS]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL [VANDF]
Common Name English
MODAFINIL [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C47795
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NDF-RT N0000175651
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG 73793
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NDF-RT N0000175729
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DEA NO. 1680
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WHO-ATC N06BA07
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG 536716
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NDF-RT N0000175769
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WHO-VATC QN06BA07
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LIVERTOX NBK548274
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Code System Code Type Description
INN
6055
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00745
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PRIMARY
NSC
759110
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m7584
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PRIMARY Merck Index
LACTMED
Modafinil
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PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1445404
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PRIMARY
CAS
112111-49-6
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SUPERSEDED
NSC
751178
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PRIMARY
MESH
C048833
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PRIMARY
HSDB
7585
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
4236
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000080329
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PRIMARY
FDA UNII
R3UK8X3U3D
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID0023329
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C26661
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PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7555
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PRIMARY
CAS
68693-11-8
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PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1826
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PRIMARY
USAN
GG-74
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1373
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
30125
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PRIMARY RxNorm
EVMPD
SUB09026MIG
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PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
MODAFINIL
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
31859
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
R3UK8X3U3D
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PRIMARY