PENICILLIN G

First approved in 1943

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C16H18N2O4S
Molecular Weight	334.39
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N

InChI=1S/C16H18N2O4S/c1-16(2)12(15(21)22)18-13(20)11(14(18)23-16)17-10(19)8-9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-7,11-12,14H,8H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)(H,21,22)/t11-,12+,14-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf |

Penicillin G, also known as benzylpenicillin, is a penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. Penicillin G may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms. Microbiology Penicillin G is bactericidal against penicillin-susceptible microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of cell-wall mucopeptide. It is not active against the penicillinase-producing bacteria, which include many strains of staphylococci. Penicillin G is highly active in vitro against staphylococci (except penicillinase-producing strains), streptococci (groups A, B, C, G, H, L and M), pneumococci and Neisseria meningitidis. Other organisms susceptible in vitro to penicillin G are Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, clostridia, Actinomyces species, Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus monillformis, Listeria monocytogenes, and leptospira; Treponema pallidum is extremely susceptible. Adverse effects can include hypersensitivity reactions including urticaria, fever, joint pains, rashes, angioedema, anaphylaxis, serum sickness-like reaction.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Bacterial penicillin-binding protein 233 Target ID: CHEMBL2354204 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3245263	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Sepsis 71 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8429	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 9.8314558E11
Anthrax 14 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8429	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 9.8314558E11
Actinomycosis 14 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Curative	Approved 8429	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 9.8314558E11
Botulism 15 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 9.8314558E11
Diphtheria 40 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/065068s013lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	PENICILLIN G SODIUM Approved Use Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms. Appropriate culture and susceptibility tests should be done before treatment in order to isolate and identify organisms causing infection and to determine their susceptibility to penicillin G. Therapy with Penicillin G Sodium for Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below, however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued Launch Date 9.8314558E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
400 μg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/050638s019lbl.pdf	5000000 unit single, intravenous dose: 5000000 unit route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
4.1 day EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21991307/	1200000 unit single, intramuscular dose: 1200000 unit route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
65% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8218695/	12000000 unit 1 times / day steady-state, intravenous dose: 12000000 unit route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:		PENICILLIN G plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
40% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/050141s237lbl.pdf			PENICILLIN G serum	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OATP1B3 706 OAT3 642 OATP1B1 788	OAT3 339 OATP1B1 406

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
OATP1B1 803	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11095-011-0564-9	no
OAT3 644	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22273603/ Page: 6.0	yes [IC50 102 uM]
OATP1B3 715	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/91/1/140/1672682	yes [IC50 25 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
OAT3 339	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22273603/ Page: 4.0	yes
OATP1B1 406	substrate 3367 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11095-011-0564-9	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B1-01426	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=21638
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B3-003867	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=25758
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-58094	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-58094.html
Alfa Chemistry	ACM61336	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/penicillin-g-cas-61-33-6-item-1451.htm
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A13.126.111	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A13.126.111
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K14.717.681	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K14.717.681
BLD Pharm	BD16410	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/61-33-6.html
BioSynth	W-109262	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/culture-media-additives/products/W-109262.html
ChemMol	99117822	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/99117822.html
Hairui	HR131823	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/113-98-4.html
OChem	11946	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=061P336
Smolecule	S520981	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s520981
Smolecule	S793352	https://www.smolecule.com/products/s793352
THE BioTek	bt-261722	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-261722
THE BioTek	bt-318404	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-318404
W&J PharmaChem	100997	http://www.wjpharmachem.com/new/100997.html
eNovation Chemicals	D670398	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D670398
iChemical	EBD2201844	http://www.ichemical.com/products/61-33-6.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
[Penicillin induced haemolytic anaemia. Communication of a case (author's transl)].	1975	1198282
Penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Occurrence of massive intravascular hemolysis.	1975 Aug 4	1173853
Fresh vs aged benzylpenicillin on non-IgE responses in mice.	1998 Jan	10375765
Dual inhibitory activity of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Streptococcus pneumoniae.	1999 Oct	10588315
Haemorrhagic cystitis and renal dysfunction associated with high dose benzylpenicillin.	2000 Jan	10762126
Melatonin might be one possible medium of electroacupuncture anti-seizures.	2001	11394492
[Epidemiological survey for hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in Tokyo].	2001 Apr	11357322
Short-term effects of four antibiotics on DNA synthesis in endothelial cells.	2001 Apr	11322179
Structures of the acyl-enzyme complexes of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase mutant Glu166Asp:Asn170Gln with benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine.	2001 Feb 27	11327855
Degeneracy and additional alloreactivity of drug-specific human alpha beta(+) T cell clones.	2001 Jul	11431418
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolated from pigs with swine erysipelas in Japan, 1988-1998.	2001 Mar	11315521
Application of ion-exchange cartridge clean-up in food analysis IV. Confirmatory assay of benzylpenicillin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin and dicloxacillin, in bovine tissues by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.	2001 Mar 16	11293583
[The use of veterinary drugs during pregnancy of the dog].	2001 Nov 15	11758478
Purification and characterization of a beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi in Escherichia coli.	2001 Oct	11570857
The penicillin resistance of Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2r results from an overproduction of the low-affinity penicillin-binding protein PBP4 and does not involve a psr-like gene.	2001 Sep	11535796
[Allergic alteration of leukocytes in patients with drug intolerance].	2001 Sep-Oct	11871304
Fine structural recognition specificities of IgE antibodies distinguishing amoxicilloyl and amoxicillanyl determinants in allergic subjects.	2001 Sep-Oct	11746950
Gateways to Clinical Trials.	2002 Apr	12087878
[The Pneumococcal Observatory for the Central Region, 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000].	2002 Apr	11980331
Immunoglobulin E binding determinants on beta-lactam drugs.	2002 Aug	12130943
Primary (isolated) meningococcal pericarditis.	2002 Jun	12058796
Fatality after an injection of Bicillin into the tonsillar fossa during an adenotonsillectomy.	2002 Mar	11956542
Expression and functional characterization of rat organic anion transporter 3 (rOat3) in the choroid plexus.	2002 May	11961115
beta-Lactam allergenic determinants: fine structural recognition of a cross-reacting determinant on benzylpenicillin and cephalothin.	2002 Nov	12569987
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine intramammary infections in Japan.	2002 Nov	12489715
Fatal outcome from meningococcal disease--an association with meningococcal phenotype but not with reduced susceptibility to benzylpenicillin.	2002 Oct	12435065
Insights into the acylation mechanism of class A beta-lactamases from molecular dynamics simulations of the TEM-1 enzyme complexed with benzylpenicillin.	2003 Jan 22	12526667

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Serious infections due to susceptible strains of streptococci (including S. pneumoniae): 5 to 24 million units/day depending on the infection and its severity administered in equally divided doses every 4 to 6 hours Anthrax: Minimum of 8 million units/day in divided doses every 6 hours. Higher doses may be required depending on susceptibility of organism Actinomycosis: 1 to 6 million units/day Diphtheria (adjunctive therapy to antitoxin and for the prevention of the carrier state): 2 to 3 million units/day in divided doses for 10 to 12 days Listeria infections, Meningitis: 15 to 20 million units/day for 2 weeks

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

It was studied the antioxidant activity of penicillin G (PG) through its reactivity towards reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion radical, O2•̅; hydroxyl radical, HO• ; peroxyl radical, ROO• ; hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2 ; DPPH• ) using various in vitro antioxidant assays with chemiluminescence (CL) and spectrophotometry as measurement techniques. In hydroxyl radical assays , PG was found to inhibit the CL signal arising from the Fenton-like reaction in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 = 0.480 ± 0.020 mM. The highest reactivity of PG among the tested penicillins towards the HO radical was confirmed in the deoxyribose degradation assay.

Name

Type

Language

PENICILLIN G

Common Name

English

benzylpenicillin [INN]

Common Name

English

Benzylpenicillin [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

PENICILLIN G [MI]

Common Name

English

(2S,5R,6R)-3,3-DIMETHYL-7-OXO-6-(2-PHENYLACETAMIDO)-4-THIA-1-AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

PENICILLIN G [VANDF]

Common Name

English

J01CE01

Code

English

BENZYLPENICILLIN

Official Name

English

NSC-193396

Code

English

BENZYL PENICILLIN

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN POTASSIUM IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN (BENZATHINE) TETRAHYDRATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

PENICILLIN G [HSDB]

Common Name

English

PHENOXYMETHYLPENICILLIN IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

BENZYLPENICILLIN [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000011281