ALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

Details

Stereochemistry	RACEMIC
Molecular Formula	C13H21NO3.ClH
Molecular Weight	275.772
Optical Activity	( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

Cl.CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(CO)=C(O)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=OWNWYCOLFIFTLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C13H21NO3.ClH/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15;/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3;1H

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020503s046lbl.pdf

Albuterol is a short acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Albuterol effectively alleviates bronchospasm due to bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other chronic bronchopulmonary disorders such as COPD. In vitro studies and in vivo pharmacologic studies have demonstrated that albuterol has a preferential effect on beta2-adrenergic receptors compared with isoproterenol. While it is recognized that beta2-adrenergic receptors are the predominant receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, data indicate that there is a population of beta2-receptors in the human heart existing in a concentration between 10% and 50%. The precise function of these receptors has not been established. The pharmacologic effects of beta-adrenergic agonist drugs, including albuterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation through beta-adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3',5'- adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels are associated with relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. Albuterol has been shown in most controlled clinical trials to have more effect on the respiratory tract, in the form of bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, than isoproterenol at comparable doses while producing fewer cardiovascular effects. Albuterol is longer acting than isoproterenol in most patients by any route of administration because it is not a substrate for the cellular uptake processes for catecholamines nor for catechol-O-methyl transferase.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 163 Target ID: CHEMBL213 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655528	Agonist 2752
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor 54 Target ID: CHEMBL246 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655528	Agonist 2752
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 209 Target ID: CHEMBL210 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12569076	Agonist 2752

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Reversible obstructive airways disease 4 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020503s046lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8583	PROVENTIL-HFA Approved Use Albuterol sulfate inhalation solution is indicated for the relief of bronchospasm in patients 2 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease and acute attacks of bronchospasm. Launch Date 1996

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
4.12 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
10.06 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
0.84 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1.77 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
13 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3653233/	4 mg single, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
14.7 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/340278_2254001F1099_1_007_1F.pdf#page=28 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3793958/	4 mg 4 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
15.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/340278_2254001F1099_1_007_1F.pdf#page=28 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3793958/	4 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
1469 pg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9649352/	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
15.97 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
74.46 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1.61 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
11.66 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
3239 μg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3653233/	1.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
3677 μg × min/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3653233/	4 mg single, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
72.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/340278_2254001F1099_1_007_1F.pdf#page=28 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3793958/	4 mg 4 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
77.4 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/340278_2254001F1099_1_007_1F.pdf#page=28 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3793958/	4 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
4268 pg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9649352/	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
4 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
5.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	10 mg single, respiratory dose: 10 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
1.52 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(R)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
5.29 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11301561/	2.5 mg single, respiratory dose: 2.5 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	(S)-ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
3.9 h OTHER GOV'T https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2001/20-949_AccuNeb_BioPharmr.pdf#page=7	400 μg single, intravenous dose: 400 μg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED
237 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3653233/	1.5 mg single, intravenous dose: 1.5 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
6.5 h EXPERIMENT https://www.info.pmda.go.jp/go/interview/1/340278_2254001F1099_1_007_1F.pdf#page=28 \| https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3793958/	4 mg 4 times / day multiple, oral dose: 4 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED
4.4 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9649352/	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
92% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3790406/			ALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status:

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
6 mg single, oral MTD Dose: 6 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 6 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/921062/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/921062/	DLT: Tremor... Dose limiting toxicities: Tremor Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/921062/
180 ug 4 times / day multiple, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	Disc. AE: Pancreatic carcinoma, Gastrointestinal carcinoma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pancreatic carcinoma (0.6%) Gastrointestinal carcinoma (0.6%) Papillary thyroid cancer (0.6%) Asthma exacerbation (0.6%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf
1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	Other AEs: Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia... Other AEs: Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia (grade 1) Restlessness Sinus tachycardia Agitation Tremor NEC Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Tremor	DLT	6 mg single, oral MTD Dose: 6 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 6 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/921062/	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/921062/
Asthma exacerbation	0.6% Disc. AE	180 ug 4 times / day multiple, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Gastrointestinal carcinoma	0.6% Disc. AE	180 ug 4 times / day multiple, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Pancreatic carcinoma	0.6% Disc. AE	180 ug 4 times / day multiple, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Papillary thyroid cancer	0.6% Disc. AE	180 ug 4 times / day multiple, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: multiple Dose: 180 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf	unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/205636Orig1s000MedR.pdf
Agitation		1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/
Hypoglycemia		1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/
Restlessness		1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/
Sinus tachycardia		1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/
Tremor NEC		1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/
Hypokalemia	grade 1	1.9 mg/kg single, oral Overdose Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1.9 mg/kg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/	healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15232249/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation selectively inhibits IL-12p40 release in microglia.	2001-04-27	11311890
Effect of polymorphism of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor on response to regular use of albuterol in asthma.	2001-04-18	11306963
A combination of fluticasone and salmeterol for asthma.	2001-04-16	11309534
Up-regulation of uncoupling proteins by beta-adrenergic stimulation in L6 myotubes.	2001-04-13	11311236
Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate given as a combination. Lack of systemic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions.	2001-04-11	11294367
Requirement of additional adenylate cyclase activation for the inhibition of human eosinophil degranulation by phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors.	2001-04-06	11301054
The diagnosis and treatment of cough.	2001-04-05	11291671
Profile of ligand binding to the porcine beta2-adrenergic receptor.	2001-04	11325192
Pharmacokinetics and systemic beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses to inhaled salbutamol.	2001-04	11318774
Use of a long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist, salmeterol xinafoate, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	2001-04	11316640
The role of domiciliary nebulizers in managing patients with severe COPD.	2001-04	11316108
Comparative efficiency of commercial and improvised spacer device in acute bronchial asthma.	2001-04	11313504
The utility of peak flow, symptom scores, and beta-agonist use as outcome measures in asthma clinical research.	2001-04	11296165
Evaluation of salmeterol or montelukast as second-line therapy for asthma not controlled with inhaled corticosteroids.	2001-04	11296164
Comparative in vivo lung delivery of hydrofluoroalkane-salbutamol formulation via metered-dose inhaler alone, with plastic spacer, or with cardboard tube.	2001-04	11296163
Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination.	2001-04	11295673
Efficacy of nebulized epinephrine versus salbutamol in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis.	2001-04	11288210
Interethnic variability in human drug responses.	2001-04	11259361
Genetic variation in beta-adrenergic receptors and their relationship to susceptibility for asthma and therapeutic response.	2001-04	11259351
Permeability of endothelial monolayers to albumin is increased by bradykinin and inhibited by prostaglandins.	2001-04	11238014
Nebivolol and airway responsiveness in the rabbit.	2001-03-23	11324721
Functional properties of atypical beta-adrenoceptors on the guinea pig duodenum.	2001-03-23	11282125
Solubility prediction of salmeterol xinafoate in water--dioxane mixtures.	2001-03-23	11274804
Hyperosmolar diabetic non-ketotic coma, hyperkalaemia and an unusual near death experience.	2001-03	11314824
Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Salbutamol and ipratropium in COPD.	2001-03	11300184
Assessment of forearm vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and albuterol by strain gauge plethysmography: reproducibility and influence of strain gauge placement.	2001-03	11298068
Switching from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin HFA is well tolerated and effective in patients with asthma.	2001-03	11289328
Clinical predictors of health-related quality of life depend on asthma severity.	2001-03	11282767
The effect of salmeterol on markers of airway inflammation following segmental allergen challenge.	2001-03	11282760
Albuterol delivery in a neonatal ventilated lung model: Nebulization versus chlorofluorocarbon- and hydrofluoroalkane-pressurized metered dose inhalers.	2001-03	11276138
The mechanism of gentisic acid-induced relaxation of the guinea pig isolated trachea: the role of potassium channels and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors.	2001-03	11262590
Effect of salmeterol on allergen-induced airway inflammation in mild allergic asthma.	2001-03	11260155
Single-isomer beta-agonists.	2001-03	11253864
Chronic systemic administration of salmeterol to rats promotes pulmonary beta(2)-adrenoceptor desensitization and down-regulation of G(s alpha).	2001-03	11250877
Salmeterol and conventional asthma therapy.	2001-03	11243995
Effectiveness and safety of salmeterol in nonspecialist practice settings.	2001-03	11243947
Low-dose fluticasone propionate compared with montelukast for first-line treatment of persistent asthma: a randomized clinical trial.	2001-03	11240946
[Bronchial asthma. A combination preparation improves patient compliance].	2001-02-22	11265544
[Salmeterol plus fluticasone--a powerful team. New combined preparation improves compliance].	2001-02-08	11247365
Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of WP-934 in guinea pigs.	2001-02	11322640
Some behavioural effects of antidepressant drugs are time-dependent.	2001-02	11294483
Quantitative determination of clenbuterol, salbutamol and tulobuterol enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis.	2001-02	11293696
Pediatric pre-hospital advanced life support care in an urban setting.	2001-02	11265910
Mometasone furoate: efficacy and safety in moderate asthma compared with beclomethasone dipropionate.	2001-02	11258691
Effects of therapeutic doses of albuterol on beta2-adrenergic receptor density and metabolic changes.	2001-02	11256555
Beta2-agonist exerts differential effects on the development of cord blood T cells but not on peripheral blood T cells.	2001-02	11251860
Effect of inspiratory flow rate on beta2-agonist induced bronchodilation in mechanically ventilated COPD patients.	2001-01	11280671
Nocturnal asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids: theophylline or long-acting beta2 agonists?	2001	11293649
The effect of acute alteration in oxygen tension on the bronchodilator response to salbutamol in vitro and in vivo in man.	2001	11273790
Zafirlukast: an update of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in asthma.	2001	11270943

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Two inhalations repeated every 4 to 6 hours (aerosol, metered)

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

7.25 mg/L, pneumococcal biofilm in vitro model.

Name

Type

Language

ALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

1,3-BENZENEDIMETHANOL, .ALPHA.1-(((1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)AMINO)METHYL)-4-HYDROXY-, HYDROCHLORIDE (±)-SALBUTAMOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Preferred Name

English

SALBUTAMOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

1,3-BENZENEDIMETHANOL, .ALPHA.1-(((1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)AMINO)METHYL)-4-HYDROXY-, HYDROCHLORIDE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

DL-SALBUTAMOL HYDROCHLORIDE

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

EPA CompTox

DTXSID80965587