DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/kanamycin.html
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d4865638-1259-4eef-a73c-fe919af6e850
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including:
http://www.drugs.com/cdi/kanamycin.html
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d4865638-1259-4eef-a73c-fe919af6e850
Kanamycin (a mixture of kanamycin A, B and C) is an aminoglycoside bacteriocidal antibiotic, available in oral, intravenous, and intramuscular forms, and used to treat a wide variety of infections. It is effective against Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram-positive bacteria. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Serious side effects include tinnitus or loss of hearing, toxicity to kidneys, and allergic reactions to the drug. Mixing of an aminoglycoside with beta-lactam-type antibiotics (penicillins or cephalosporins) may result in a significant mutual inactivation. Even when an aminoglycoside and a penicillin-type drug are administered separately by different routes, a reduction in aminoglycoside serum half-life or serum levels has been reported in patients with impaired renal function and in some patients with normal renal function.
CNS Activity
Curator's Comment: In adults, does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in therapeutically adequate concentrations. Small improvement in penetration with inflamed meninges.
http://www.nikapharm.uz/en/products/kanamycin
https://www.google.ru/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&ved=0ahUKEwi7rPuFzZ3MAhWnYZoKHT49B1gQFghCMAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kurgansintez.ru%2Fen%2Fcatalog%2Fdoc_en%2F%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%2520%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D0%25BA%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_ENG.doc&usg=AFQjCNEbniX1AkdM3gQf_NmUv6xsx7rMOA&sig2=WDq4GgcENoEZxCI1BLyvUw&bvm=bv.119745492,d.bGs
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2363135 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curative | KANAMYCIN SULFATE Approved UseKanamycin may be considered as initial therapy in the treatment of infections where one or more of the following are the known or suspected pathogens: E. coli, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter species.
Although kanamycin is not the drug of choice for staphylococcal infections, it may be indicated under certain conditions for the treatment of known or suspected staphylococcal disease. Launch Date2002 |
|||
| Curative | KANAMYCIN SULFATE Approved UseKanamycin may be considered as initial therapy in the treatment of infections where one or more of the following are the known or suspected pathogens: E. coli, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter species.
Although kanamycin is not the drug of choice for staphylococcal infections, it may be indicated under certain conditions for the treatment of known or suspected staphylococcal disease. Launch Date2002 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
11.9 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4790604/ |
250 mg single, intramuscular dose: 250 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KANAMYCIN A plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
44.2 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4790604/ |
250 mg single, intramuscular dose: 250 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KANAMYCIN A plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4790604/ |
250 mg single, intramuscular dose: 250 mg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
KANAMYCIN A plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| [Clinical studies of cochleotoxicosis due to viomycin and kanamycin during tuberculostatic treatment (a prophylactic attempt)]. | 1968 |
|
| [Recovery after hemodialysis in 2 cases of acute renal insufficiency during treatment with kanamycin and colistin methanesulfonate]. | 1970 Apr 27 |
|
| [Biochemical studies on nephrotoxicity of kanamycin]. | 1971 Feb |
|
| Laboratory testing for ototoxic effects of drugs. | 1973 Jun |
|
| The quantification of kanamycin ototoxicity in the rat using conditioned tone discrimination. | 1975 Dec |
|
| Treatment of meningitis and septicemia in infancy with a sulphamethoxazole/trimethorpim combination. | 1975 Jan |
|
| [Evaluation of ototoxicity of amikacin (BB-K8) by animal test (author's transl)]. | 1975 Jun |
|
| Drug-induced anaphylaxis, convulsions, deafness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. | 1977 Mar 12 |
|
| In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to a spiro-piperidyl rifamycin. | 1982 Sep |
|
| In vitro antituberculosis activity of a new antibacterial substance ofloxacin (DL8280). | 1985 Mar |
|
| Mycobacterial plasmids: screening and possible relationship to antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare. | 1986 |
|
| Determination of MICs of conventional and experimental drugs in liquid medium by the radiometric method against Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1987 |
|
| In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium complex to antibacterial agents. | 1987 Nov |
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| Action of antituberculous and beta-lactam drugs (including imipenem) against extra- and intra-cellularly growing Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | 1988 Mar-Apr |
|
| Qualitative and quantitative drug-susceptibility tests in mycobacteriology. | 1988 May |
|
| New antibiotics, resorcinomycins A and B: antibacterial activity of resorcinomycin A against mycobacteria in vitro. | 1989 Mar |
|
| [Prevention of neurosensory hearing disorders in antibiotic-induced ototoxicosis]. | 1989 Mar-Apr |
|
| [Acute renal failure caused by ceporin, kanamycin and gentamicin]. | 1989 Mar-Apr |
|
| Circadian rhythm dependent kanamycin-induced hearing loss in rodents assessed by auditory brainstem responses. | 1991 |
|
| Spectrum of drugs against atypical mycobacteria: how valid is the current practice of drug susceptibility testing and the choice of drugs? | 1992 Dec |
|
| CI-960 (PD127391 or AM-1091), sparfloxacin, WIN 57273, and isepamicin activity against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium-intracellularae complex, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum. | 1992 Feb |
|
| [The role of mtDNA deletion in the sensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotic induced deafness]. | 2000 Apr |
|
| Use of genomics and combinatorial chemistry in the development of new antimycobacterial drugs. | 2000 Feb 1 |
|
| Temporal bone studies of the human peripheral vestibular system. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. | 2000 May |
|
| Mutant prevention concentration as a measure of antibiotic potency: studies with clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2000 Sep |
|
| Kanamycin susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube and a colorimetric method. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Bactericidal activities of commonly used antiseptics against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2002 |
|
| Hearing loss and nephrotoxicity in long-term aminoglycoside treatment in patients with tuberculosis. | 2002 Jul |
|
| Activities of moxifloxacin alone and in combination with other antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in BALB/c mice. | 2003 Jan |
|
| Desynchronization of electrically evoked auditory-nerve activity by high-frequency pulse trains of long duration. | 2003 Oct |
|
| New agents active against Mycobacterium avium complex selected by molecular topology: a virtual screening method. | 2004 Jan |
|
| Molecular analysis of cross-resistance to capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, and viomycin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2005 Aug |
|
| Kanamycin ototoxicity in glutamate transporter knockout mice. | 2005 Jun 3 |
|
| Prosurvival and proapoptotic intracellular signaling in rat spiral ganglion neurons in vivo after the loss of hair cells. | 2007 Aug 20 |
|
| Direct drug application to the round window: a comparative study of ototoxicity in rats. | 2009 Nov |
|
| A plasmacytoid dendritic cell (CD123+/CD11c-) based assay system to predict contact allergenicity of chemicals. | 2009 Oct 1 |
|
| Enhanced survival of spiral ganglion cells after cessation of treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor in deafened guinea pigs. | 2009 Sep |
|
| Potent activity against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of α-mangostin analogs. | 2013 |
|
| Chlorinated coumarins from the polypore mushroom Fomitopsis officinalis and their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2013 Oct 25 |
Sample Use Guides
Intramuscular and intravenous: 15 mg/kg/day in two equally divided dosages. Intraperitoneal: 500 mg diluted in 20 mL sterile distilled water may be instilled through a polyethylene catheter sutured into the wound at closure.
Aerosol treatment: 250 mg two to four times a day.
Irrigation: injection in concentrations of 0.25 percent (2.5 mg/mL).
Route of Administration:
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