CAMPHOR (NATURAL)

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C10H16O
Molecular Weight	152.2334
Optical Activity	( + )
Defined Stereocenters	2 / 2
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@@]1(C)C(=O)C2

InChI

InChIKey=DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N

InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,10+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://naturaldatabase.therapeuticresearch.com/nd/PrintVersion.aspx?id=709 | http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/camphor-uses-amd-risks | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123864543007041

Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora. Topically, camphor is used to relieve pain. It has been used to treat warts, cold sores, hemorrhoids, and osteoarthritis. It has also been applied topically as an analgesic and an antipruritic. It has been used as a counterirritant, and to increase local blood flow. Camphor has frequently been used topically to treat respiratory tract diseases involving mucous membrane inflammation. It is sometimes used topically to treat cardiac symptoms. Camphor is also used topically as an eardrop, and for treating minor burns. In inhalation therapy, camphor is used as an antitussive. Orally, camphor is used as an expectorant, antiflatulent, and for treating respiratory tract diseases. Today, most camphor is synthetic. It is approved by the FDA as a topical antitussive. Camphor is produced synthetically from the oil of turpentine. It has been used for centuries for its medicinal features, in religious rituals, and in cooking. It is no longer used as pesticide. In 1982, the US Food and Drug Administration restricted commercial products intended for medicinal use to contain <11% camphor.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 38 Target ID: CHEMBL6007 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897313	Antagonist 2849	1.26 mM [IC50]
Vanilloid receptor 53 Target ID: CHEMBL5102 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192383 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897313	Agonist 2752
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 12 Target ID: CHEMBL5522 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16192383 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25897313	Agonist 2752

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Pain 619 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cdi/camphor-ointment.html http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/camphor-uses-amd-risks	Palliative	Approved 8583	Camphor ointment Approved Use Camphor ointment is used for: Treating pain and itching associated with minor skin irritations. Camphor ointment is a topical analgesic. It works by temporarily relieving itching and pain.
Cough 106 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=c4d08cc6-e424-40ae-9c9b-5d5b1619377a&type=display http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/camphor-uses-amd-risks	Primary	Approved 8583	CAMPHOR, EUCALYPTUS OIL AND MENTHOL - camphor, eucalyptus oil and menthol ointment CVS Approved Use Uses - on chest and throat, temporarily relieves cough due to common cold - On muscles and joints, temporarily relieves minor aches and pains
Muscle pain 7 Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/tetramex-spray.html	Palliative	Approved 8583	Tetramex Spray Approved Use INDICATIONS AND USAGE: For temporary relief of minor aches and pains of the muscles and joints associated with simple backache, arthritis, strains, bruises and sprains.

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
41 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/	374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
302 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/	374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
6.5 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15342616/	374.4 mg single, topical dose: 374.4 mg route of administration: Topical experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM	[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR, (-)-\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC)\|[NO STEREO] CAMPHOR (NATURAL) plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
1PlusChem LLC	1P003PPK
AbovChem LLC	HY-B1173
Acros Organics	10819
Acros Organics	16464
Acros Organics	22784
AK Scientific	5739AF
Alfa Chemistry	A10708
Alfa Chemistry	A10936
Alfa Chemistry	ACM76222
Bide Pharmatech	BD123522
BioSynth	Q-200785
BioSynth	W-109539
BioSynth	W-110530
BLD Pharm	BD123522
BOC Sciences	21368-68-3
BOC Sciences	76-22-2
Chem Scene	CS-4779
ChemShuttle	141803
Chemspace	CSC000759907
Combi-Blocks	QE-0007
eMolecules	482330
Enamine	BBV-175078
Enamine	EN300-84949
Fluorochem	94195
Fluorochem	94196
Frontier Scientific Services	500030259
HongKong Chemhere	SCA29141
IBScreen	BB_NC-00198
IBScreen	BB_NC-02664
IBScreen	STOCK1N-66758
Indofine	25342
Lab Network	LN00241548
mcule	MCULE-4378124154
mcule	MCULE-8475137009
MedChem Express	HY-B1173
Molnova	M14559
MolPort	MolPort-001-793-333
Oakwood	94195
Sigma Aldrich	02070595\|SIAL
Sigma Aldrich	05-1200\|SAJ
Sigma Aldrich	20506\|SIAL
Sigma Aldrich	21300\|SIAL
Sigma Aldrich	W223023
TargetMol	T0882
Tetrahedron	TS10230
TimTec	SBB012351
TimTec	ST069333
Toronto Research Chemicals	C165800
W&J PharmaChem	50C271904
ZINC	ZINC000000967520	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000967520

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Activity of a novel camptothecin analogue, homocamptothecin, in camptothecin-resistant cell lines with topoisomerase I alterations.	2000 Dec 1	11118036
Bcl-2 independence of flavopiridol-induced apoptosis. Mitochondrial depolarization in the absence of cytochrome c release.	2000 Oct 13	10896673
Chemoradiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.	2001	11224987
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer: a new survival standard.	2001	11161231
Irinotecan (CPT-11): recent developments and future directions--colorectal cancer and beyond.	2001	11161230
Irinotecan: a new agent comes of age.	2001	11161229
Drug-induced stabilization of covalent DNA topoisomerase I-DNA intermediates. DNA cleavage assays.	2001	11089241
Analysis of drug uptake-flow cytometry.	2001	11089234
Validation study of assay method for DX-8951 and its metabolite in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry.	2001 Apr	11268051
Pharmacogenetics of anticancer agents: lessons from amonafide and irinotecan.	2001 Apr	11259359
Inhibitory effect of berberine on the mediastinal lymph node metastasis produced by orthotopic implantation of Lewis lung carcinoma.	2001 Apr 10	11248416
Monochloramine inhibits etoposide-induced apoptosis with an increase in DNA aberration.	2001 Apr 15	11295536
Prevention of irinotecan (CPT-11)-induced diarrhea by oral alkalization combined with control of defecation in cancer patients.	2001 Apr 15	11291056
North Central Cancer Treatment Group--Mayo Clinic trials in colon cancer.	2001 Feb	11273589
Modulation of camptothecin analogs in the treatment of cancer: a review.	2001 Feb	11261892
Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer.	2001 Feb	11254865
Apoptotic response of HL-60 human leukemia cells to the antitumor drug NB-506, a glycosylated indolocarbazole inhibitor of topoisomerase 1.	2001 Feb 1	11172734
Novel cytotoxic 7-iminomethyl and 7-aminomethyl derivatives of camptothecin.	2001 Feb 12	11212094
Phase I trial of the combination of irinotecan, paclitaxel, and carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.	2001 Feb 15	11181672
Continuous measurement of targeted promoter activity by a secreted bioluminescence reporter, Vargula hilgendorfii luciferase.	2001 Feb 15	11161320
Deacetylase activity associates with topoisomerase II and is necessary for etoposide-induced apoptosis.	2001 Feb 16	11136718
Sp1 phosphorylation regulates apoptosis via extracellular FasL-Fas engagement.	2001 Feb 16	11053446
Breast cancer resistance protein directly confers SN-38 resistance of lung cancer cells.	2001 Feb 9	11162657
The homocamptothecin BN 80915 is a highly potent orally active topoisomerase I poison.	2001 Jan	11272292
A novel genetic screen identifies checkpoint-defective alleles of Schizosaccharomyces pombe chk1.	2001 Jan	11270571
Current status of irinotecan in lung cancer.	2001 Jan	11221022
Irinotecan: summary and future directions.	2001 Jan	11221021
Docetaxel followed by gemcitabine and irinotecan in solid tumors.	2001 Jan	11221020
Irinotecan in combined-modality therapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.	2001 Jan	11221019
Rationale and dose-finding studies of the combination of irinotecan and a taxane on a weekly schedule.	2001 Jan	11221018
Establishment of the standard regimen for non-small-cell lung cancer in Japan.	2001 Jan	11221016
Irinotecan in small-cell lung cancer: the US experience.	2001 Jan	11221015
The role of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer.	2001 Jan	11164720
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 reduces chemotherapy-associated mortality and enhances cell survival in cells expressing a transfected GLP-2 receptor.	2001 Jan 15	11212269
Use of camptothecin-resistant mammalian cell lines to evaluate the role of topoisomerase I in the antiproliferative activity of the indolocarbazole, NB-506, and its topoisomerase I binding site.	2001 Jan 15	11212241
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.	2001 Jan 25	11191663
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.	2001 Jan 25	11191662
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.	2001 Jan 25	11191661
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer.	2001 Jan 25	11191660
Topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes in human colorectal cancer xenografts with different p53 and microsatellite instability status: relation with their sensitivity to CTP-11.	2001 Jan-Feb	11299781
[A case of AFP-producing gastric cancer responding to low-dose CPT-11 and low-dose cisplatin combination chemotherapy].	2001 Mar	11265410
Sequence-selective DNA binding drugs mithramycin A and chromomycin A3 are potent inhibitors of neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and DNA damage in cortical neurons.	2001 Mar	11261509
Topoisomerase I targeting agents in small-cell lung cancer.	2001 Mar	11177750
Oxaliplatin: a new agent for colorectal cancer.	2001 Mar	11177747
Determinants of prognosis and response to therapy in colorectal cancer.	2001 Mar	11177741
Hippocampal neurons of mice deficient in DNA-dependent protein kinase exhibit increased vulnerability to DNA damage, oxidative stress and excitotoxicity.	2001 Mar 5	11245929

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Dosing: Adult Cough: Inhalation: Inhale via vaporizer up to 3 times per day. Pain: Topical cream: Apply to affected area up to 4 times per day for 2 weeks. For maximum benefit, use daily for at least 2 weeks and continue to use daily as needed thereafter. Pruritus/Pain: Topical gel: Apply to affected area up to 3 to 4 times per day.

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

1 mM camphor partially inhibited the AITC (20 uM)-induced hTRPA1 current in HEK293T cells expressing hTRPA1.

Name

Type

Language

CAMPHOR (NATURAL)

Common Name

English

D-CAMPHOR

Preferred Name

English

NATURAL CAMPHOR

Common Name

English

CAMPHOR D-FORM

Common Name

English

(+)-CAMPHOR

Systematic Name

English

D-CAMPHOR [FHFI]

Common Name

English

D-camphor [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

(+)-CAMPHOR [FCC]

Common Name

English

NSC-755918

Code

English

(1R,4R)-(+)-CAMPHOR

Systematic Name

English

CAMPHORA

Common Name

English

D-CAMPHOR [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

DEXTROCAMPHOR

Common Name

English

CAMPHORA [HPUS]

Common Name

English

D-CAMPHOR [JAN]

Common Name

English

FEMA NO. 2230

Code

English

CAMPHOR, (+)-

Systematic Name

English

CAMPHOR D-FORM [MI]

Common Name

English

CAMPHOR, D-

Common Name

English

(+)-2-BORNANONE

Systematic Name

English

CAMPHOR [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QC01EB02