Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C9H10NO2.Na |
| Molecular Weight | 187.171 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C([O-])=O
InChI
InChIKey=ZRVUAXXSASAVFG-QRPNPIFTSA-M
InChI=1S/C9H11NO2.Na/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7;/h1-5,8H,6,10H2,(H,11,12);/q;+1/p-1/t8-;/m0./s1
Phenylalanine is a biologically essential amino acid that acts as a precursor to tyrosine and the catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine), and is a constituent
of many central nervous system neuropeptides. Normal dietary levels of phenylalanine are approximately 1-2 grams daily. Phenylalanine appears in two forms which are identical mirror images of each other: L-phenylalanine, a nutritional supplement, and D-phenylalanine, an effective painkiller and antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit the breakdown of enkephalins, the brain’s natural pain killers.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL3076 |
|||
Target ID: CHEMBL1907608 |
1.71 mM [IC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | FREAMINE III 10% Approved UseParenteral nutrition with 8.5% FreAmine® III (Amino Acid Injection) with Electrolytes is
indicated to prevent nitrogen loss or treat negative nitrogen balance in adults and pediatric
patients, where (1) the alimentary tract, by the oral, gastrostomy, or jejunostomy route, cannot or
should not be used, or adequate protein intake is not feasible by these routes; (2) gastrointestinal
absorption of protein is impaired; or (3) protein requirements are substantially increased as with
extensive burns. Dosage, route of administration, and concomitant infusion of non-protein
calories are dependent on various factors, such as nutritional metabolic status of the patient, anticipated duration of parenteral nutritional support, and vein tolerance Launch Date1971 |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
|||
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1389 μM EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11244252/ |
20 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 20 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENYLALANINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
35.7 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11244252/ |
20 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 20 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENYLALANINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
3 min EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11244252/ |
20 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 20 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENYLALANINE plasma | Rattus norvegicus population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Cloning and functional expression of a human Na(+) and Cl(-)-dependent neutral and cationic amino acid transporter B(0+). | 1999 Aug 20 |
|
| L-amino acid sensing by the extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor. | 2000 Apr 25 |
|
| Primary structure, functional characteristics and tissue expression pattern of human ATA2, a subtype of amino acid transport system A. | 2000 Jul 31 |
|
| Signal-binding specificity of the mu4 subunit of the adaptor protein complex AP-4. | 2001 Apr 20 |
|
| Disruption of an active site hydrogen bond converts human heme oxygenase-1 into a peroxidase. | 2001 Apr 6 |
|
| Design, X-ray crystallography, molecular modelling and thermal stability studies of mutant enzymes at site 172 of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus. | 2001 Feb |
|
| In vivo protein synthetic rates of atrial, ventricular, and pulmonary tissue proteins in aortic constriction, goldblatt, and bromoethylamine models of hypertension. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Aldehyde dehydrogenase. Maintaining critical active site geometry at motif 8 in the class 3 enzyme. | 2001 Feb |
|
| In vitro expression of 34 naturally occurring mutant variants of phenylalanine hydroxylase: correlation with metabolic phenotypes and susceptibility toward protein aggregation. | 2001 Feb |
|
| N-(Hydroxyaminocarbonyl)phenylalanine: a novel class of inhibitor for carboxypeptidase A. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Characterization of the mouse phenylalanine hydroxylase mutation Pah(enu3). | 2001 Jan |
|
| Beta-adrenoceptor stimulation attenuates the hypertrophic effect of alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Chronic maternal smoking and cord blood amino acid and enzyme levels at term. | 2001 Jan |
|
| The protein-retaining effects of growth hormone during fasting involve inhibition of muscle-protein breakdown. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Increasing the thermal stability of euphauserase. A cold-active and multifunctional serine protease from Antarctic krill. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Biological properties of Phe(o)-opioid peptide analogues. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Tyrosine phosphorylation of the beta 4 integrin cytoplasmic domain mediates Shc signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase and antagonizes formation of hemidesmosomes. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Analysis of the subsite specificity of rat insulysin using fluorogenic peptide substrates. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Amino acid phosphoramidate monoesters of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine: relationship between antiviral potency and intracellular metabolism. | 2001 Jan 18 |
|
| A single arginyl residue in plastocyanin and in cytochrome c(6) from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 is required for efficient reduction of photosystem I. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Plasma free amino acid concentrations in healthy Guatemalan adults and in patients with classic dengue. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Ligand migration in human myoglobin: steric effects of isoleucine 107(G8) on O(2) and CO binding. | 2001 Mar |
|
| A possible role for metalloproteinases in renal cyst development. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Complete loss of P/Q calcium channel activity caused by a CACNA1A missense mutation carried by patients with episodic ataxia type 2. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Evidence that phenylalanine 69 in Escherichia coli RuvC resolvase forms a stacking interaction during binding and destabilization of a Holliday junction DNA substrate. | 2001 Mar 30 |
|
| Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1: the functions of cyclooxygenase active site residues in the binding, positioning, and oxygenation of arachidonic acid. | 2001 Mar 30 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
L-Phenylalanine Capsules (400 mg/cap): one to two capsules per day on an empty stomach.
L-Phenylalanine Powder: 480 mg one to two times per day on an empty stomach.
DL-Phenylalanine Capsules (500 mg/cap): one capsule daily on an empty stomach.
DL-Phenylalanine Powder: 1/8 level teaspoon two to three times daily on an empty stomach.
Route of Administration:
Oral
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PARENT (SALT/SOLVATE)
SUBSTANCE RECORD
