Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C12H15ClO3 |
Molecular Weight | 242.699 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C12H15ClO3/c1-4-15-11(14)12(2,3)16-10-7-5-9(13)6-8-10/h5-8H,4H2,1-3H3
Clofibrate is a fibric acid derivative used to lower cholesterol and triglyceride (fat-like substances) levels in the blood. This may help prevent medical problems caused by such substances clogging the blood vessels. However, this treatment was discontinued in 2002 due to adverse effects. Clofibrate is an agonist of the PPAR-α receptor in muscle, liver, and other tissues. This agonism ultimately leads to modification in gene expression resulting in increased beta-oxidation, decreased triglyceride secretion, increased HDL, and increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Clofibrate increased the activity of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LL), thereby increasing lipoprotein triglyceride lipolysis, inhibited the synthesis, and increases the clearance of apolipoprotein B, a carrier molecule for VLDL. In addition, clofibrate was investigated as a novel therapy agent in multiple myeloma and it shown the promising results.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL239 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817384 |
50.0 µM [EC50] | ||
Target ID: Q7RTX0 Gene ID: 83756.0 Gene Symbol: TAS1R3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19817384 |
28.0 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL239 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10922459 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Primary | ATROMID-S Approved UseUnknown Launch Date-9.1411202E10 |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
216 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7550835/ |
100 mg/kg single, oral dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
30649 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7550835/ |
100 mg/kg single, oral dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
103.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7550835/ |
100 mg/kg single, oral dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOFIBRIC ACID plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16316932/ Page: 6.0 |
moderate [Inhibition 100 uM] | |||
no | ||||
not significant | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7685601/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7685601/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11033061/ |
yes |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1-induced hepatoma cell apoptosis by liver tumor promoters: characterization of primary signaling events and effects on CPP32-like caspase activity. | 1999 Feb |
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Stimulation by eicosapentaenoic acids of leptin mRNA expression and its secretion in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. | 2000 Apr 13 |
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-null mice lack resistance to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity following clofibrate exposure. | 2000 Oct |
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[A 50-year history of new drugs in Japan: the developments and trends of antihyperlipidemic drugs]. | 2001 |
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[Fibrate influence on lipids and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome]. | 2001 |
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[Necrotizing myopathies]. | 2001 |
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Binding constant determination of drugs toward subdomain IIIA of human serum albumin by near-infrared dye-displacement capillary electrophoresis. | 2001 Aug |
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The transcriptional and DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is inhibited by ethanol metabolism. A novel mechanism for the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver. | 2001 Jan 5 |
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Accumulation of medium chain acyl-CoAs during beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acid by isolated peroxisomes from rat liver. | 2001 Jun |
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Unique gene expression patterns in liver and kidney associated with exposure to chemical toxicants. | 2001 Jun |
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Three-dimensional high voltage electron microscopy of thick biological specimens. | 2001 Jun |
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Combined interferon-alfa, 13-cis-retinoic acid, and alpha-tocopherol in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: novel bioadjuvant phase II trial. | 2001 Jun 15 |
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Cytochrome p450-dependent metabolism of trichloroethylene in rat kidney. | 2001 Mar |
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A systematic gene expression screen of Caenorhabditis elegans cytochrome P450 genes reveals CYP35 as strongly xenobiotic inducible. | 2001 Nov 15 |
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Comparison of various characteristics of women who do and do not attend for breast cancer screening. | 2002 |
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Role of hypolipidemic drug clofibrate in altering iron regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2 activities and hepatic iron metabolism in rats fed a low-iron diet. | 2002 Apr 15 |
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Characterization of catechol glucuronidation in rat liver. | 2002 Feb |
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In vitro induction of bilirubin conjugation in primary rat hepatocyte culture. | 2002 Feb 15 |
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands as antiatherogenic agents: panacea or another Pandora's box? | 2002 Jan |
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Topical peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha activators reduce inflammation in irritant and allergic contact dermatitis models. | 2002 Jan |
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Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha) reduce myocardial infarct size. | 2002 Jul |
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Effect of clofibrate administration on the esterification and deesterification of steroid hormones by liver and extrahepatic tissues in rats. | 2002 Mar 1 |
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Lipid-lowering drug use and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. | 2002 May |
|
Exposure simulation for pharmaceuticals in European surface waters with GREAT-ER. | 2002 May 10 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/cons/clofibrate.html
For oral dosage form (capsules): for high cholesterol: adults—1.5 to 2 grams a day. This is divided into two to four doses. Children—Dose must be determined by doctor.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27354598
The antitumor apoptotic effect of clofibrate at doses ranging from 0.1-600 μM was investigated on four human and one murine myeloma cell lines, as well as in two human lymphoma cell lines, using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide assay. Clofibrate significantly reduced cell viability in all tested myeloma and lymphoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, while healthy cells were hardly affected.
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WHO-VATC |
QC10AB01
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WHO-ATC |
C10AB01
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C98150
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548134
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100000084334
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CLOFIBRATE
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD