Securinine is a plant-derived alkaloid from the Securinega plant that has been used clinically as a therapeutic for primarily neurological related diseases. Securinine is well-known GABAA antagonist and recently it was found that Securinine is able to up-regulate p53 protein and to modulate the related family member p73 protein in a p53-dependent fashion, inducing p73 in the HCT116 p53(-) cells and down-regulating it in the p53(+) cells. Securinine induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest, upregulates expression of p53 and Bax, and downregulates expression of Bcl-2, PI3K, mTOR, and p70s6k in breast cancer cells and promyelocytic leukemia cells. Securinine activates p38 MAPK, enhancing monocyte antibacterial activity in vitro as well. This compound also exhibits antimicrobial activity against Alternaria, Curvularia, and Helminthosporum. Additionally, securinine decreases AChE activity and suppresses amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced glial inflammatory responses in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, improving cognitive deficits. Securinine’s activity as a GABA antagonist, likely explains its reported clinical success in limited studies for the treatment of neurological conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), poliomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Securinine has not been utilized in the United States, it has been used clinically in several other countries particularly China and Russia. In China, it is considered one of the 50 fundamental Chinese herbs and is used in Chinese herbal medicine.