Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C22H17ClN2 |
| Molecular Weight | 344.837 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(N2C=CN=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4
InChI
InChIKey=VNFPBHJOKIVQEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H17ClN2/c23-21-14-8-7-13-20(21)22(25-16-15-24-17-25,18-9-3-1-4-10-18)19-11-5-2-6-12-19/h1-17H
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/018052Orig1s032lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/018052Orig1s032lbl.pdf
Clotrimazole is an anti-fungal medicine indicated for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections and tinea. It can be used either in combination with other drugs (betamethasone dipropionate) or alone, in form of topical or vaginal cream. The drug exerts its action by inhibiting lanosterol demethylase thereby affecting the growth of fungi.
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1780 |
19.7 nM [Kd] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curative | GYNE-LOTRIMIN Approved UseTo treat vaginal yeast infections. Launch Date1976 |
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| Curative | LOTRISONE Approved UseLOTRISONE cream contains a combination of clotrimazole, an azole antifungal, and betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, and is indicated for the topical treatment of symptomatic inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis due to Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum in patients 17 years and older. Launch Date1984 |
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| Curative | LOTRISONE Approved UseLOTRISONE cream contains a combination of clotrimazole, an azole antifungal, and betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, and is indicated for the topical treatment of symptomatic inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis due to Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum in patients 17 years and older. Launch Date1984 |
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| Curative | LOTRISONE Approved UseLOTRISONE cream contains a combination of clotrimazole, an azole antifungal, and betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, and is indicated for the topical treatment of symptomatic inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis due to Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton rubrum in patients 17 years and older. Launch Date1984 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.4 μM EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7882513 |
1 g single, oral dose: 1 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOTRIMAZOLE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
4.98 ng/mL |
10 mg single, buccal dose: 10 mg route of administration: Buccal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOTRIMAZOLE serum | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
12.59 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7882513 |
1 g single, oral dose: 1 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOTRIMAZOLE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2.99 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7882513 |
1 g single, oral dose: 1 g route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOTRIMAZOLE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
4.25 h |
500 mg single, vaginal dose: 500 mg route of administration: Vaginal experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
CLOTRIMAZOLE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: FEMALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
10 mg 5 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Nausea, Taste abnormality... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Nausea (2 patients) Sources: Taste abnormality (2 patients) |
500 mg single, vaginal Highest studied dose Dose: 500 mg Route: vaginal Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Vulvovaginal pruritus... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Vulvovaginal pruritus (1 patient) Sources: |
500 mg single, vaginal Highest studied dose Dose: 500 mg Route: vaginal Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Vulvovaginal burning sensation... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Vulvovaginal burning sensation (1 patient) Sources: |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, vaginal Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Route: vaginal Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
Disc. AE: Vaginal irritation, Spotting vaginal... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Vaginal irritation (1 patient) Sources: Spotting vaginal (1 patient) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nausea | 2 patients Disc. AE |
10 mg 5 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Taste abnormality | 2 patients Disc. AE |
10 mg 5 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 10 mg, 5 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 33 years (range: 22 - 43 years) Sex: M+F Sources: |
| Vulvovaginal pruritus | 1 patient Disc. AE |
500 mg single, vaginal Highest studied dose Dose: 500 mg Route: vaginal Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
| Vulvovaginal burning sensation | 1 patient Disc. AE |
500 mg single, vaginal Highest studied dose Dose: 500 mg Route: vaginal Route: single Dose: 500 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
| Spotting vaginal | 1 patient Disc. AE |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, vaginal Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Route: vaginal Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
| Vaginal irritation | 1 patient Disc. AE |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, vaginal Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Route: vaginal Route: multiple Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Sex: F Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
no | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
yes [IC50 0.00315 uM] | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
yes [IC50 0.00822 uM] | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
yes [IC50 0.1 uM] | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
yes [IC50 0.745 uM] | |||
Sources: https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/837.short Page: - |
yes [IC50 2.3 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [IC50 >10 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes | |||
Page: - |
yes | |||
Page: - |
yes |
Tox targets
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Page: - |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| [Vulvovaginal candidiasis in childhood--diagnostic and therapeutic results]. | 2001 |
|
| Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in pregnancy. | 2001 |
|
| A double-blind randomized comparative trial: eberconazole 1% cream versus clotrimazole 1% cream twice daily in Candida and dermatophyte skin infections. | 2001 |
|
| Drug sensitivity of Candida yeast isolated from patients with allergic diseases. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Liquid chromatographic determination of ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism. | 2001 Apr 5 |
|
| Application of capillary zone electrophoresis with off-line solid-phase extraction to in vitro metabolism studies of antifungals. | 2001 Aug |
|
| A systematic review of the effectiveness of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. | 2001 Aug |
|
| State-dependent block of rabbit vascular smooth muscle delayed rectifier and Kv1.5 channels by inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Suppression of transient outward potassium currents in mouse ventricular myocytes by imidazole antimycotics and by glybenclamide. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Regulation of anion secretion by nitric oxide in human airway epithelial cells. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Delineation of the clotrimazole/TRAM-34 binding site on the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, IKCa1. | 2001 Aug 24 |
|
| Inhibition and stimulation of phospholipid scrambling activity. Consequences for lipid asymmetry, echinocytosis, and microvesiculation of erythrocytes. | 2001 Aug 7 |
|
| Effects of clotrimazole on transport mediated by multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) in human erythrocytes and tumour cells. | 2001 Dec |
|
| Regulation of K(+) current in human airway epithelial cells by exogenous and autocrine adenosine. | 2001 Dec |
|
| Toward a novel metal-based chemotherapy against tropical diseases. 6. Synthesis and characterization of new copper(II) and gold(I) clotrimazole and ketoconazole complexes and evaluation of their activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2001 Dec 31 |
|
| A novel drug-regulated gene expression system based on the nuclear receptor constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). | 2001 Feb |
|
| Therapeutic strategies for prevention of sickle cell dehydration. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
|
| Development of a mucoadhesive dosage form for vaginal administration. | 2001 Jul |
|
| In vitro metabolism of 14C-moxidectin by hepatic microsomes from various species. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Evaluation of two self-care treatments for prevention of vaginal candidiasis in women with HIV. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
| [Therapeutic efficacy of a topical tolnaftate preparation in guinea pig model of tinea pedis]. | 2001 Jun |
|
| An investigation into the pathogenesis of vulvo-vaginal candidosis. | 2001 Jun |
|
| A neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase expressed in pancreatic beta-cells controls insulin secretion. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Clotrimazole is a selective and potent inhibitor of rat cytochrome P450 3A subfamily-related testosterone metabolism. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Azole-antifungal binding to a novel cytochrome P450 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: implications for treatment of tuberculosis. | 2001 Jun 15 |
|
| In vitro activity of sertaconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, fenticonazole, clotrimazole and itraconazole against pathogenic vaginal yeast isolates. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Comparison of in vitro activities of amphotericin, clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, and nystatin against Fusarium oxysporum. | 2001 May |
|
| What happens in cidal and static action? | 2001 May |
|
| Substantivity of topically applied antifungals on dermatophytic toe webs. | 2001 May |
|
| Optimization of the separation of a group of antifungals by capillary zone electrophoresis. | 2001 May 11 |
|
| Intracellular signalling involved in activation of the volume-sensitive K+ current in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. | 2001 Oct |
|
| [How I treat ... sickle cell anemia: current therapies]. | 2001 Oct |
|
| In vitro activity of 6 antifungal agents on candida species isolated as causative agents from vaginal and other clinical specimens. | 2001 Oct |
|
| Novel effects of minocycline on Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion in human airway epithelial Calu-3 cells. | 2001 Oct 15 |
|
| Angiotensin II type AT(2) receptor mRNA expression and renal vasodilatation are increased in renal failure. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Conservation of signaling pathways of xenobiotic-sensing orphan nuclear receptors, chicken xenobiotic receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and pregnane X receptor, from birds to humans. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Use of topical clotrimazole in human keratomycosis. | 2001 Sep-Oct |
|
| Activation of ion secretion via proteinase-activated receptor-2 in human colon. | 2002 Feb |
|
| Characterization of basolateral K+ channels underlying anion secretion in the human airway cell line Calu-3. | 2002 Feb 1 |
|
| Modulation of mouse Paneth cell alpha-defensin secretion by mIKCa1, a Ca2+-activated, intermediate conductance potassium channel. | 2002 Feb 1 |
|
| Arginine supplementation of sickle transgenic mice reduces red cell density and Gardos channel activity. | 2002 Feb 15 |
|
| Clotrimazole binds to heme and enhances heme-dependent hemolysis: proposed antimalarial mechanism of clotrimazole. | 2002 Feb 8 |
|
| Comparison of two methods for antifungal susceptibility testing of Trichophyton rubrum. | 2002 Jan |
|
| Development of a topical suspension containing three active ingredients. | 2002 Jan |
|
| Spectrofluorimetric determination of vigabatrin and gabapentin in urine and dosage forms through derivatization with fluorescamine. | 2002 Jan 1 |
|
| Differential pulse polarographic determination of clotrimazole after derivatization with Procion Red HE-3B. | 2002 Jan 1 |
|
| Clotrimazole/betamethasone diproprionate: a review of costs and complications in the treatment of common cutaneous fungal infections. | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
| K+ currents generated by NMDA receptor activation in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. | 2002 Jun |
|
| Effect of antifungal azoles on the heme detoxification system of malarial parasite. | 2002 Mar |
|
| Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell migration by cytochrome p450 epoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. | 2002 May 17 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2010/018052Orig1s032lbl.pdf
Vaginal 1% cream: insert an applicator full of cream into the vagina at bedtime for 7 days. External 1% cream for vaginal yeast infections: apply to the skin outside the vagina 2 times daily for up to 7 days. Topical 1% cream: apply a thin layer to the affected area twice daily for 2 weeks (tinea pedis) or 1 week (tinea cruris and tinea corporis).
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22455297
In vitro antifungal activity indicated Clotrimazole (MIC 16 and 8 microg/ml) effective against 68 (70%) of Candida SPP.
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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CFR |
21 CFR 524.1044G
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
204005
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WHO-VATC |
QJ02AB90
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WHO-VATC |
QG01AF02
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NDF-RT |
N0000008217
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
6.3
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CFR |
21 CFR 524.450
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
216705
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WHO-VATC |
QA01AB18
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
88094
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WHO-VATC |
QD01AC01
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LIVERTOX |
NBK548320
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WHO-ATC |
D01AC01
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NDF-RT |
N0000175487
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WHO-ATC |
G01AF02
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C514
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WHO-ATC |
A01AB18
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CFR |
21 CFR 333.210
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CFR |
21 CFR 524.1044H
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
520516
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D003022
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2330
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CLOTRIMAZOLE
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245-764-8
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2912
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m3671
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DTXSID7029871
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SUB06777MIG
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G07GZ97H65
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3266
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2623
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257473
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100000092074
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DB00257
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3764
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clotrimazole
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CHEMBL104
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2812
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C381
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23593-75-1
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Clotrimazole
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1141002
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719
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G07GZ97H65
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ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)