DEXAMETHASONE 21-VALERATE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C27H37FO6
Molecular Weight	476.5775
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	8 / 8
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[H][C@@]12C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(C(=O)COC(=O)CCCC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]3(F)[C@@]2([H])CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C

InChI

InChIKey=FEROCCAEIIKMJT-OMPPIWKSSA-N

InChI=1S/C27H37FO6/c1-5-6-7-23(32)34-15-22(31)27(33)16(2)12-20-19-9-8-17-13-18(29)10-11-24(17,3)26(19,28)21(30)14-25(20,27)4/h10-11,13,16,19-21,30,33H,5-9,12,14-15H2,1-4H3/t16-,19+,20+,21+,24+,25+,26+,27+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdfhttp://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/67018038

Dexamethasone acetate (NEOFORDEX®) is the acetate salt form of dexamethasone, which is a synthetic glucocorticoid; it combines high anti-inflammatory effects with low mineralocorticoid activity. At high doses (e.g. 40 mg), it reduces the immune response. Dexamethasone acetate (NEOFORDEX®) is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma in combination with other medicinal products. Dexamethasone has been shown to induce multiple myeloma cell death (apoptosis) via a down-regulation of nuclear factor-κB activity and an activation of caspase-9 through second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac; an apoptosis promoting factor) release. Prolonged exposure was required to achieve maximum levels of apoptotic markers along with increased caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Dexamethasone also down-regulated anti apoptotic genes and increased IκB-alpha protein levels. Dexamethasone apoptotic activity is enhanced by the combination with thalidomide or its analogues and with proteasome inhibitor (e.g. bortezomib).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Glucocorticoid receptor 172 Target ID: CHEMBL2034 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10551779 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16971495 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2226278	Agonist 2678	4.6 nM [Kd]
Glucocorticoid receptor 172 Target ID: CHEMBL2034 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Agonist 2678	3.7 nM [Kd]
Mineralocorticoid receptor 53 Target ID: CHEMBL1994 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Agonist 2678	0.73 nM [Kd]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Allergic conjunctivitis 100 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Acne rosacea 43 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use Steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe such as allergic conjunctivitis, acne rosacea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpes zoster keratitis, iritis, cyclitis, selected infective conjunctivitides when the inherent hazard of steroid use is accepted to obtain an advisable diminution in edema and inflammation; corneal injury from chemical, radiation, or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. Launch Date 1962
Superficial punctate keratitis 42 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Herpes zoster keratitis 43 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Iritis 42 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Cyclitis 21 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Corneal injury 21 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Bacterial conjunctivitis 34 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2003/13422slr035_maxidex_lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	MAXIDEX Approved Use For steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial ocular infection exists. Ocular steroids are indicated in inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe where the inherent risk of steroid use in certain infective conjunctivitis is accepted to obtain a diminution in edema and inflammation. They are also indicated in chronic anterior uveitis and corneal injury from chemical, radiation or thermal burns, or penetration of foreign bodies. The use of a combination drug with an anti-infective component is indicated where the risk of infection is high or where there is an expectation that potentially dangerous numbers of bacteria will be present in the eye. The particular anti-infective drug in this product is active against the following common bacterial eye pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella/Enterobacter species, Neisseria species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product does not provide adequate coverage against Serratia marcescens, and Streptococci, including Streptococcus pneumoniae. Launch Date 1962
Multiple myeloma 159 Sources: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/004071/WC500204050.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	Neofordex Approved Use Neofordex is indicated in adults for the treatment of symptomatic multiple myeloma in combination with other medicinal products. Launch Date 2016

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
9.87 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
51.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3.93 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22047811	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
30% EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3806166			DEXAMETHASONE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
96 mg multiple, oral (total) Dose: 96 mg Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 96 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529	unhealthy, 63 years (range: 30–78 years) n = 21 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 63 years (range: 30–78 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 21 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31139529
0.1 % 3 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Dose: 0.1 %, 3 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.1 %, 3 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542	unhealthy, 68.3 years (range: 51.0 - 83.0 years) n = 77 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 68.3 years (range: 51.0 - 83.0 years) Sex: M+F Population Size: 77 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542	Other AEs: Corneal erosion... Other AEs: Corneal erosion (10%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25135542
0.6 mg/kg single, oral Dose: 0.6 mg/kg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 0.6 mg/kg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441	unhealthy, children n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Migraine Age Group: children Population Size: 6 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441	Other AEs: Constipation... Other AEs: Constipation (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794441
10 mg single, intravenous Dose: 10 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 10 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278	unhealthy n = 106 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Migraine Population Size: 106 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278	Other AEs: Drowsiness, Dizziness... Other AEs: Drowsiness (below serious, 19 patients) Dizziness (below serious, 3 patients) Adverse drug reaction NOS (below serious, 10 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00122278
12 mg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 12 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 12 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Knee Arthroplasty Population Size: 10 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	Other AEs: Wound dehiscence... Other AEs: Wound dehiscence (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698
20 mg single, intravenous Dose: 20 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 20 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33743063
24 mg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	unhealthy n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Knee Arthroplasty Population Size: 10 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698	Other AEs: Dizziness... Other AEs: Dizziness (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02271698
8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 8 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585	unhealthy n = 147 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Radiation-Induced Pain Flare Population Size: 147 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585	Other AEs: Constipation, Dyspepsia... Other AEs: Constipation (below serious, 47 patients) Dyspepsia (below serious, 12 patients) Vomiting (below serious, 9 patients) Fatigue (below serious, 58 patients) Cholesterol high (below serious, 8 patients) Anorexia (below serious, 15 patients) Anxiety (below serious, 11 patient) Insomnia (below serious, 26 patients) Cough (below serious, 9 patients) Dyspnea (below serious, 20 patients) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248585
8 mg single, intravenous Dose: 8 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 8 mg Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161	pregnant n = 55 Health Status: pregnant Sex: F Population Size: 55 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161	Other AEs: Incision site bleeding, Body temperature decrease... Other AEs: Incision site bleeding (below serious, 1 patient) Body temperature decrease (below serious, 2 patients) Shivering (below serious, 1 patient) Tachycardia (below serious, 1 patient) Transfusion (below serious, 1 patient) Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01734161

AEs

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inducer 781 substrate 1737

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OAT1 599		UGT1A1 69 UGT1A5 21 UGT1A6 34 UGT2B1 21 BCRP 75 P-gp 257 OAT1 26 MRP4 32 MRP1 48 MRP2 111 MRP3 53 MRP5 22 ABCC12 22

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
ABCC12 22	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP1 172	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP2 475	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP3 207	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
MRP5 48	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400412002895 Page: -	no
OAT1 603	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	no
OAT1 603	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	no
UGT1A6 141	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	no
BCRP 773	inducer 1573 Sources: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2007 Page: -	yes
MRP4 238	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931524413002557 Page: -	yes
P-gp 1650	inducer 1573 Sources: https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpcell.00491.2007 Page: -	yes
UGT1A1 254	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:MOLE.0000043582.35335.ff Page: -	yes
UGT1A5 21	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	yes
UGT2B1 22	inducer 1573 Sources: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1018812021549 Page: -	yes
CYP3A4 1925	inducer 1573 Sources: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1067/mcp.2000.110215 Page: -	yes	yes (co-administration study) Comment: These data demonstrate that dexamethasone at doses used clinically increased CYP3A4 activity with extensive intersubject variability and that the extent of CYP3A4 induction was, in part, predicted by the baseline activity of CYP3A4 in both healthy volunteers and human hepatocyte cultures. Sources: https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1067/mcp.2000.110215 Page: -

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP3A4 1737	substrate 3367 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17124593/ Page: -	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:41879	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:41879
ChemicalBook	CB4261243	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB4261243
MolPort	MolPort-003-846-433	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-003-846-433
Selleck Chemicals	Dexamethasone	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dexamethasone.html
ZINC	ZINC000003875332	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000003875332
eMolecules	29541178	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29541178
eMolecules	30067429	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=30067429
eMolecules	31411022	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=31411022
eMolecules	497104	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=497104

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Blockade of cocaine-induced increases in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisol does not attenuate the subjective effects of smoked cocaine in humans.	1999 Sep	10780258
Antenatal dexamethasone improves atrial natriuretic peptide receptors in hypoplastic lung in nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats.	2000	10898224
Immune abnormalities in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients: relation to delayed cerebral vasospasm.	2000 Apr	10736113
Leptin production in adipocytes from morbidly obese subjects: stimulation by dexamethasone, inhibition with troglitazone, and influence of gender.	2000 Aug	10946865
Dexamethasone enhances ras-recision gene expression in cultured murine fetal lungs: role in development.	2000 Aug	10926554
Dexamethasone suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts: possible role for ceramide.	2000 Aug	10919278
Effects of several glucocorticosteroids and PDE4 inhibitors on increases in total lung eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) levels following either systemic or intratracheal administration in sephadex- or ovalbumin-induced inflammatory models.	2000 Aug	10850854
TEL/AML1 gene fusion is related to in vitro drug sensitivity for L-asparaginase in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	2000 Aug 1	10910927
Effects of dexamethasone on mitogen-activated protein kinases in mouse macrophages: implications for the regulation of 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A(2).	2000 Aug 15	10874129
Dexamethasone-suppressible hypertension.	2000 Aug 26	11085685
Suppressive effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on thymic apoptosis induced by dexamethasone in the rat.	2000 Dec	11137978
Effect of endogenous and exogenous prostaglandin E(2) on interleukin-1 beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human airway smooth-muscle cells.	2000 Dec	11112151
Low doses of oral dexamethasone for hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma.	2000 Dec 15	11135218
Prenatal exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids increases the susceptibility of cerebellar granule cells to oxidative stress-induced cell death.	2000 Dec 19	11114198
Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on dexamethasone-induced gastric mucosal damage.	2000 Feb	10780873
Efficacy and harm of pharmacological prevention of acute mountain sickness: quantitative systematic review.	2000 Jul 29	10915127
Dexamethasone induced cardiac hypertrophy in newborn rats is accompanied by changes in myosin heavy chain phenotype and gene transcription.	2000 Jun	10942214
Expression and induction of CYP1A1/1A2, CYP2A6 and CYP3A4 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes: a 10-year follow-up.	2000 Jun	10923861
Combined administration of G-CSF and dexamethasone for the mobilization of granulocytes in normal donors: optimization of dosing.	2000 Jun	10864982
Down-regulation of thyroid transcription factor-1 gene expression in fetal lung hypoplasia is restored by glucocorticoids.	2000 Jun	10830305
Functional probing of the human glucocorticoid receptor steroid-interacting surface by site-directed mutagenesis. Gln-642 plays an important role in steroid recognition and binding.	2000 Jun 23	10747884
beta(3)-adrenoceptor regulation and relaxation responses in mouse ileum.	2000 Mar	10725275
Induction and regulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450s in the human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line.	2000 Mar	10696073
Regulation of vitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase and -24-hydroxylase expression by dexamethasone in mouse kidney.	2000 Mar	10694374
Glucocorticoids act within minutes to inhibit recruitment of signalling factors to activated EGF receptors through a receptor-dependent, transcription-independent mechanism.	2000 May	10807665
Effects of selected herbicides on cytokine production in vitro.	2000 May 19	10883730
Orphan nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor share xenobiotic and steroid ligands.	2000 May 19	10748001
Cognitive sequelae in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with dexamethasone or prednisone.	2000 May-Jun	10864051
Corticosteroids and cognitive function in humans: methodological considerations.	2000 May-Jun	10864049
Regulation of leptin release by troglitazone in human adipose tissue.	2000 Nov	11092516
Ocular hypertensive response to topical dexamethasone in children: a dose-dependent phenomenon.	2000 Nov	11054340
Efficacy of galectins in the amelioration of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats.	2000 Nov	11044214
Ritonavir increases the level of active ADD-1/SREBP-1 protein during adipogenesis.	2000 Nov 10	11101056
Dexamethasone-induced cardiogenic shock rescued by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) in a patient with pheochromocytoma.	2000 Oct	11059621
Antenatal dexamethasone enhances surfactant protein synthesis in the hypoplastic lung of nitrofen-induced diaphragmatic hernia in rats.	2000 Oct	11051153
Role of caspases in dexamethasone-induced apoptosis and activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in human eosinophils.	2000 Oct	11012613
Endotoxin augments cerebral hyperemic response to halothane by inducing nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.	2000 Oct	11004044
Endocrinologic and psychological effects of short-term dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa.	2000 Sep	11082797
ECT administration in a patient after craniotomy and gamma knife surgery: a case report and review.	2000 Sep	11005053
Modification of biophysical properties of lung epithelial Na(+) channels by dexamethasone.	2000 Sep	10942727
Involvement of tyrosine hydroxylase up regulation in dexamethasone-induced hypertension of rats.	2000 Sep 8	11072875
Intractable nausea attributable to isolated deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone: prompt resolution after administration of glucocorticoid.	2000 Sep-Oct	11141589
A multicenter, randomized open study of early corticosteroid treatment (OSECT) in preterm infants with respiratory illness: comparison of early and late treatment and of dexamethasone and inhaled budesonide.	2001 Feb	11158452
Molecular and pharmacological evidence for modulation of kinin B(1) receptor expression by endogenous glucocorticoids hormones in rats.	2001 Jan	11159707
Evaluation of the myocilin (MYOC) glaucoma gene in monkey and human steroid-induced ocular hypertension.	2001 Jan	11133859
The clinical impact of metabolic bone disease in coeliac disease.	2001 Jan	11123392
Short term effects of corticosteroid pulse treatment on disease activity and the wellbeing of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.	2001 Jan	11114284
Inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation by R- and S-flurbiprofen.	2001 Jan	11099482
Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in extremely-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.	2001 Jan 11	11150359
Topical 0.1% indomethacin solution versus topical 0.1% dexamethasone solution in the prevention of inflammation after cataract surgery. The Study Group.	2001 Jan-Feb	11125269

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

One or two drops topically in the conjunctival sac(s). In severe disease, drops may be used hourly. In mild disease, drops may be used up to four to six times daily.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Caco-2 cells were treated with 1 μM dexamethasone and SGK1 mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot analysis. Figure 1A shows that dexamethasone rapidly induced SGK1 mRNA expression as early as 30 min and maintained the elevated expression for at least 24 h.

Name

Type

Language

DEXAMETHASONE 21-VALERATE

Common Name

English

VOALLA

Brand Name

English

PREGNA-1,4-DIENE-3,20-DIONE, 9-FLUORO-11.BETA.,17,21-TRIHYDROXY-16.ALPHA.-METHYL-, 21-VALERATE

Systematic Name

English

PREGNA-1,4-DIENE-3,20-DIONE, 9-FLUORO-11,17-DIHYDROXY-16-METHYL-21-((1-OXOPENTYL)OXY)-, (11.BETA.,16.ALPHA.)-

Systematic Name

English

DEXAMETHASONE 21-PENTANOATE

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

PUBCHEM

5284540