U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C19H21N3O
Molecular Weight 307.3895
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ZOLPIDEM

SMILES

CN(C)C(=O)CC1=C(N=C2C=CC(C)=CN12)C3=CC=C(C)C=C3

InChI

InChIKey=ZAFYATHCZYHLPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H21N3O/c1-13-5-8-15(9-6-13)19-16(11-18(23)21(3)4)22-12-14(2)7-10-17(22)20-19/h5-10,12H,11H2,1-4H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Zolpidem is usually used for the treatment of insomnia as a hypnotic drug. It was also suggested to be effective in the treatment of dystonia in some studies. Zolpidem can be one of useful alternative pharmacological treatments for blepharospasm. Zolpidem interacts with a GABA-BZ receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. In contrast to the benzodiazepines, which non-selectively bind to and activate all BZ receptor subtypes, zolpidem in vitro binds the BZ1 receptor preferentially with a high affinity ratio of the α1/α5 subunits. This selective binding of zolpidem on the BZ1 receptor is not absolute, but it may explain the relative absence of myorelaxant and anticonvulsant effects in animal studies as well as the preservation of deep sleep in human studies of zolpidem tartrate at hypnotic doses.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
AMBIEN

Approved Use

Ambien (zolpidem tartrate) is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation. Ambien has been shown to decrease sleep latency for up to 35 days in controlled clinical studies [see Clinical Studies (14)

Launch Date

1992
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
121 ng/mL
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
59 ng/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2.5 h
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
26 h
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.5%
10 mg single, oral
dose: 10 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
7.5%
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ZOLPIDEM unknown
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
0.5 mg/kg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 12 years
n = 65
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 2 - 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 65
Sources:
Other AEs: Psychiatric symptom, Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS)...
Other AEs:
Psychiatric symptom (6 patients)
Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS) (6 patients)
Nervous system disorder NOS (5 patients)
Sources:
300 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 300 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 300 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 68 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 68 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Disc. AE: Death...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Death (grade 5, 1 patient)
Sources:
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Disc. AE: Drowsiness, Vertigo...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Drowsiness (1.1%)
Vertigo (0.8%)
Amnesia (0.5%)
Nausea (0.5%)
Headache (0.4%)
Fall (0.4%)
Sources:
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Disc. AE: Drowsiness, Dizziness...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Drowsiness (0.5%)
Dizziness (0.4%)
Headache (0.5%)
Nausea (0.6%)
Vomiting (0.5%)
Sources:
600 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 344
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 344
Sources:
Disc. AE: Death...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Death (grade 5, 10 patients)
Sources:
600 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 54
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 54
Sources:
Disc. AE: Somnolence, Coma...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Somnolence (100%)
Coma (1 patient)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Nervous system disorder NOS 5 patients
0.5 mg/kg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 12 years
n = 65
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 2 - 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 65
Sources:
Gastrointestinal disorder (NOS) 6 patients
0.5 mg/kg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 12 years
n = 65
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 2 - 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 65
Sources:
Psychiatric symptom 6 patients
0.5 mg/kg single, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 0.5 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 2 - 12 years
n = 65
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 2 - 12 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 65
Sources:
Death grade 5, 1 patient
Disc. AE
300 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 300 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 300 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 68 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: 68 years
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Fall 0.4%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Headache 0.4%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Amnesia 0.5%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Nausea 0.5%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Vertigo 0.8%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Drowsiness 1.1%
Disc. AE
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1959
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1959
Sources:
Dizziness 0.4%
Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Drowsiness 0.5%
Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Headache 0.5%
Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Vomiting 0.5%
Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Nausea 0.6%
Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (max)
Highest studied dose
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 1701
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 1701
Sources:
Death grade 5, 10 patients
Disc. AE
600 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 344
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 344
Sources:
Coma 1 patient
Disc. AE
600 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 54
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 54
Sources:
Somnolence 100%
Disc. AE
600 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 600 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 600 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, adult
n = 54
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: sleep disturbances
Age Group: adult
Sex: unknown
Population Size: 54
Sources:
Overview

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer







Drug as perpetrator​Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: A single-dose interaction study with zolpidem tartrate 10 mg and rifampin (CYP3A4 inducer) 600 mg at steady-state levels in female subjects showed significant reductions of the AUC (-73%), Cmax (-58%), and T1/2 (-36 %) of zolpidem together
Tox targets

Tox targets

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Development and modulation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the CA1 region of prenatally protein malnourished rats.
2001
[Zolpidem (ivadal) treatment of sleep disorders].
2001
Measurement of cerebral perfusion after zolpidem administration in the baboon model.
2001
Future directions in the management of insomnia.
2001
A psychiatric perspective on insomnia.
2001
The acute effects of zolpidem compared to diazepam and lorazepam using radiotelemetry.
2001 Apr
Zolpidem, triazolam, and diazepam decrease distress vocalizations in mouse pups: differential antagonism by flumazenil and beta-Carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (beta-CCt).
2001 Apr
Comparative effects of melatonin, zolpidem and diazepam on sleep, body temperature, blood pressure and heart rate measured by radiotelemetry in Wistar rats.
2001 Aug
Zolpidem use and hip fractures in older people.
2001 Dec
Delirium associated with zolpidem.
2001 Dec
[Zolpidem: the risk of tolerance and dependence according to case reports, systematic studies and recent molecularbiological data].
2001 Dec
Diminished allopregnanolone enhancement of GABA(A) receptor currents in a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
2001 Dec 1
Triazolam discrimination in squirrel monkeys distinguishes high-efficacy agonists from other benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine drugs.
2001 Feb
A structure-activity relationship study of the affinity of selected imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, congeners of zolpidem, for the omega 1-subtype of the benzodiazepine receptor.
2001 Jan-Feb
Acute zolpidem overdose leading to coma and respiratory failure.
2001 Jul
[Homeopathic specialties as substitutes for benzodiazepines: double-blind vs. placebo study].
2001 Jul-Aug
A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study on the polysomnographic withdrawal effects of zopiclone, zolpidem and triazolam in healthy subjects.
2001 Jun
Effect of alpha subunit on allosteric modulation of ion channel function in stably expressed human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors determined using (36)Cl ion flux.
2001 May
Characterization of discriminative stimulus effects of the neuroactive steroid pregnanolone.
2001 May
A double-blind comparative study of zolpidem versus zopiclone in the treatment of chronic primary insomnia.
2001 May-Jun
Toxicity of alpidem, a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand, but not zolpidem, in rat hepatocytes: role of mitochondrial permeability transition and metabolic activation.
2001 Nov
Prevalence between different alpha subunits performing the benzodiazepine binding sites in native heterologous GABA(A) receptors containing the alpha2 subunit.
2001 Oct
Prediction of human hepatic clearance from in vivo animal experiments and in vitro metabolic studies with liver microsomes from animals and humans.
2001 Oct
Insomnia: therapeutic approach.
2001 Sep
Potency of positive gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) modulators to substitute for a midazolam discriminative stimulus in untreated monkeys does not predict potency to attenuate a flumazenil discriminative stimulus in diazepam-treated monkeys.
2001 Sep
Zolpidem in restless legs syndrome.
2002
Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag.
2002
The heterogeneity of central benzodiazepine receptor subtypes in the human hippocampal formation, frontal cortex and cerebellum using [3H]flumazenil and zolpidem.
2002 Aug 15
Changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression induced by withdrawal of, but not by long-term exposure to, zaleplon or zolpidem.
2002 Feb
[Epileptic seizures as a sign of abstinence from chronic consumption of zolpidem].
2002 Feb 1-15
Mechanism of alpha-subunit selectivity of benzodiazepine pharmacology at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors.
2002 Feb 15
Zolpidem improves dystonia in "Lubag" or X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome.
2002 Feb 26
[Abuse, tolerance and dependence of zolpidem: three case reports].
2002 Jul-Aug
Early cerebral activities of the environmental estrogen bisphenol A appear to act via the somatostatin receptor subtype sst(2).
2002 Jun
Zolpidem, vascular headache, and hallucinations in an adolescent.
2002 Jun
"As needed" pharmacotherapy combined with stimulus control treatment in chronic insomnia--assessment of a novel intervention strategy in a primary care setting.
2002 Mar
The effect of zolpidem on operant behavior and its relation to pharmacokinetics after intravenous and subcutaneous administration: concentration-effect relations.
2002 Mar
Soyka M, Bottlender R, Möller H-J; Epidemiological evidence for a low abuse potential of zolpidem; Pharmacopsychiatry 2000, 33: 138 - 141.
2002 Mar
Selective actions on sleep or anxiety by exploiting GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor subtypes.
2002 Mar
Zolpidem in progressive supranuclear palsy.
2002 Mar
Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in state police shiftworkers.
2002 Mar-Apr
Clinical syndrome associated with zolpidem ingestion in dogs: 33 cases (January 1998-July 2000).
2002 Mar-Apr
Role of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors containing alpha 1 and alpha 5 subunits in the discriminative stimulus effects of triazolam in squirrel monkeys.
2002 May
Selective modulation of tonic and phasic inhibitions in dentate gyrus granule cells.
2002 May
GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex ligands and stress-induced hyperthermia in singly housed mice.
2002 May
Rifampin and rifabutin drug interactions: an update.
2002 May 13
Relation between discriminative and reinforcing effects of midazolam, pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, zolpidem, and imidazenil in baboons.
2002 Oct
Relative picrotoxin insensitivity distinguishes ionotropic GABA receptor-mediated IPSCs in hippocampal interneurons.
2002 Sep
GABA(A) receptor alpha-1 subunit deletion alters receptor subtype assembly, pharmacological and behavioral responses to benzodiazepines and zolpidem.
2002 Sep
Mechanisms of anabolic androgenic steroid modulation of alpha(1)beta(3)gamma(2L) GABA(A) receptors.
2002 Sep
Patents

Patents

Sample Use Guides

Dosage in Adults: the recommended initial dose is 5 mg for women and either 5 or 10 mg for men, taken only once per night immediately before bedtime with at least 7-8 hours remaining before the planned time of awakening. If the 5 mg dose is not effective, the dose can be increased to 10 mg. In some patients, the higher morning blood levels following use of the 10 mg dose increase the risk of next day impairment of driving and other activities that require full alertness. The total dose of AMBIEN (zolpidem tartrate) should not exceed 10 mg once daily immediately before bedtime. Ambien should be taken as a single dose and should not be readministered during the same night.
Route of Administration: Oral
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably expressing recombinant α1β2γ2s GABA(A) receptors were exposed to zolpidem (1 and 10 μmol/L) for short-term (2 h daily for 1, 2, or 3 consecutive days) or long-term (continuously for 48 h). Radioligand binding studies were used to determine the parameters of [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding sites. A single (2 h) or repeated (2 h daily for 2 or 3 d) short-term exposure to zolpidem affected neither the maximum number of [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding sites nor the affinity. In both control and short-term zolpidem treated groups, addition of GABA (1 nmol/L-1 mmol/L) enhanced [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding in a concentration-dependent manner. The maximum enhancement of [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding in short-term zolpidem treated group was not significantly different from that in the control group. In contrast, long-term exposure to zolpidem resulted in significantly increase in the maximum number of [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding sites without changing the affinity. Furthermore, long-term exposure to zolpidem significantly decreased the ability of GABA to stimulate [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding.
Name Type Language
ZOLPIDEM
INN   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
zolpidem [INN]
Common Name English
ZOLPIDEM CIV
USP-RS  
Common Name English
SANVAL
Brand Name English
Zolpidem [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ZOLPIDEM [MI]
Common Name English
N,N,6-TRIMETHYL-2-P-TOLYL-IMIDAZO(1,2-A)PYRIDINE-3-ACETAMIDE
Common Name English
ZOLPIDEM [VANDF]
Common Name English
IMIDAZO(1,2-A)PYRIDINE-3-ACETAMIDE, N,N,6-TRIMETHYL-2-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-
Systematic Name English
ZOLPIDEM CIV [USP-RS]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QN05CF02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175759
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DEA NO. 2783
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC N05CF02
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C29756
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK547962
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
SMS_ID
100000078817
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5732
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PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
ZOLPIDEM
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m11661
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PRIMARY Merck Index
CAS
82626-48-0
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PRIMARY
INN
5741
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL911
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PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1724893
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PRIMARY
FDA UNII
7K383OQI23
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00425
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2870
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PRIMARY
LACTMED
Zolpidem
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
10125
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PRIMARY
DAILYMED
7K383OQI23
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID7045946
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PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB00183MIG
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PRIMARY
MESH
C049109
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PRIMARY
IUPHAR
4348
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
39993
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
NDF-RT
N0000007570
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY Pyridines [Chemical/Ingredient]
NCI_THESAURUS
C62000
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:45:30 GMT 2023
PRIMARY