METHAMPHETAMINE TARTRATE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C10H15N.C4H6O6
Molecular Weight	299.3196
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1

InChI

InChIKey=SOSGXQJCXKXQCB-NDAAPVSOSA-N

InChI=1S/C10H15N.C4H6O6/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t9-;1-,2-/m01/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/005378s026lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24484975https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9800366 | http://www.legacyhealth.org/for-health-professionals/refer-a-patient/laboratory-services/test-table/dl-methamphetamine-isomers-confirmation-urine.aspx

DL-Methamphetamine (also known as +/- Methamphetamin) is a central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. Methamphetamine is a mixture of two isomers. One isomer called Dextro, or D Methamphetamine, is active as a central nervous system stimulant and it is a DEA Schedule 2 controlled drug commonly called “Meth” or “Speed”. Desoxyn, a prescription drug also contains D Methamphetamine. The other isomer, Levo, or L Methamphetamine is not a DEA controlled drug. It is found in an over the counter medicine called “Vicks Inhaler” or as the prescription drug, Selegiline. (+)-methamphetamine is the more physiologically active isomer. In addition to some medications, L Methamphetamine can be produced in the illegal production of street Methamphetamine.

CNS Activity

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Monoamine transporter 10 Target ID: CHEMBL2363064 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19897077	Negative Allosteric Modulator 42
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter 57 Target ID: Q05940 Gene ID: 6571.0 Gene Symbol: SLC18A2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24484975	Inhibitor 8297
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 47 Target ID: Q96RJ0 Gene ID: 134864.0 Gene Symbol: TAAR1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218486	Agonist 2678
Adrenergic receptor alpha-2 113 Target ID: CHEMBL2095158 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12453616	Agonist 2678

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 68 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/005378s026lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	DESOXYN Approved Use Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: DESOXYN tablets are indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children over 6 years of age with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted. Exogenous Obesity: as a short-term (i.e., a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, for patients in whom obesity is refractory to alternative therapy, e.g., repeated diets, group programs, and other drugs. Launch Date 1943
Exogenous obesity 19 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/005378s026lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8429	DESOXYN Approved Use Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets are indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children over 6 years of age with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted. Exogenous Obesity As a short-term (i.e., a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, for patients in whom obesity is refractory to alternative therapy, e.g., repeated diets, group programs, and other drugs. The limited usefulness of methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) should be weighed against possible risks inherent in use of the drug, such as those described below. Launch Date 1943
Unknown 2578

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
19.8 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1362938/	0.125 mg/kg single, oral dose: 0.125 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		METHAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
330 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1362938/	0.125 mg/kg single, oral dose: 0.125 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		METHAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
8.46 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1362938/	0.125 mg/kg single, oral dose: 0.125 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		METHAMPHETAMINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
2 g single, oral (max) Overdose Dose: 2 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402425/	healthy, adult n = 25 Health Status: healthy Condition: methamphetamine dependence Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 25 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402425/	Disc. AE: Intoxication... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Intoxication (25 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402425/
40 mg single, oral Dose: 40 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986459/	healthy, adult n = 19 Health Status: healthy Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 19 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986459/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986459/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Intoxication	25 patients Disc. AE	2 g single, oral (max) Overdose Dose: 2 g Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2 g Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402425/	healthy, adult n = 25 Health Status: healthy Condition: methamphetamine dependence Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 25 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26402425/

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
		substrate 1217 inhibitor 1852

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
OAT1 599 OAT2 145 OAT3 642 OAT4 146 OCT1 512 OCT2 647		GLUT1 9

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/005378s035lbl.pdf#page=	minor
OAT1 603	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	no
OAT2 147	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	no
OAT3 644	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	no
OAT4 146	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	no
OCT2 648	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	yes [IC50 19.1 uM]
OCT1 543	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32109742/	yes [IC50 6.5 uM]
GLUT1 15	inducer 1573 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21426580/	yes

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP2D6 1217	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/005378s035lbl.pdf#page=	yes

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChemIDplus	7563486	https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/id/0007563486
EPA DSSTox	DTXSID20226543	https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID20226543
PubChem	71586915	https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71586915
Wikidata	Q27281863

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Estrogen and progesterone distinctively modulate methamphetamine-induced dopamine and serotonin depletions in C57BL/6J mice.	2000	11129103
Cocaine and methamphetamine: differential addiction rates.	2000 Dec	11130157
Methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity is attenuated in transgenic mice with a null mutation for interleukin-6.	2000 Dec	11093760
Psychiatric comorbidity of methamphetamine dependence in a forensic sample.	2000 Fall	11083165
Dopamine D1 receptor protein is elevated in nucleus accumbens of human, chronic methamphetamine users.	2000 Nov	11126397
Age-dependent differential responses of monoaminergic systems to high doses of methamphetamine.	2000 Nov	11032899
Effect of temperature on dopamine transporter function and intracellular accumulation of methamphetamine: implications for methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.	2000 Oct 15	11027249
Directed coherence of EEG on ICSS rats with methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity and stereotyped behavior.	2000 Sep	11085331
Comparison between the role of the neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and sensitization.	2000 Sep	11085313
Activation of an effector immediate-early gene arc by methamphetamine.	2000 Sep	11085305
Repeated adenosine pre-treatment potentiates the acute effect of methamphetamine in rats.	2000 Sep	11043458
nNOS inhibitors attenuate methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity but not hyperthermia in mice.	2000 Sep 11	11006970
Cognitive impairment in individuals currently using methamphetamine.	2000 Summer	11000918
Differential effects of cocaine and methamphetamine on neurotensin/neuromedin N and preprotachykinin messenger RNA expression in unique regions of the striatum.	2001	11182247
Decision-making deficits, linked to a dysfunctional ventromedial prefrontal cortex, revealed in alcohol and stimulant abusers.	2001	11164876
Dose-related neuroprotective effects of chronic nicotine in 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats, and loss of neuroprotection in alpha4 nicotinic receptor subunit knockout mice.	2001 Apr	11309235
Neonatal phencyclidine treatment selectively attenuates mesolimbic dopamine function in adult rats as revealed by methamphetamine-induced behavior and c-fos mRNA expression in the brain.	2001 Apr	11170217
Immunohistochemical investigation of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A in fatal poisoning.	2001 Apr 1	11248451
Increased expression of synaptophysin and stathmin mRNAs after methamphetamine administration in rat brain.	2001 Apr 17	11303745
Relevance of pharmacokinetic parameters in animal models of methamphetamine abuse.	2001 Feb	11180503
Identification of reaction products of methamphetamine and hydrogen peroxide in hair dye and decolorant treatments by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.	2001 Feb	11180300
Unintentional methamphetamine intoxication.	2001 Feb	11174264
Long-term changes in basal ganglia function after a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine.	2001 Feb	11160639
Peroxynitrite plays a role in methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity: evidence from mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene or overexpressing copper-zinc superoxide dismutase.	2001 Feb	11158245
Contrasting responses by basal ganglia met-enkephalin systems to low and high doses of methamphetamine in a rat model.	2001 Feb	11158242
Highly sensitive analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	2001 Feb 1	11118748
Regional distribution of methamphetamine in autopsied brain of chronic human methamphetamine users.	2001 Feb 15	11182268
Susceptibility of PharmChek drugs of abuse patch to environmental contamination.	2001 Feb 15	11182260
Methamphetamine-induced rapid and reversible changes in dopamine transporter function: an in vitro model.	2001 Feb 15	11160413
Long-term effects of a high-dose methamphetamine regimen on subsequent methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in vivo.	2001 Feb 16	11172757
The effect of testosterone upon methamphetamine neurotoxicity of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system.	2001 Feb 16	11172749
Alterations in diurnal and nocturnal locomotor activity in rats treated with a monoamine-depleting regimen of methamphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.	2001 Jan	11271404
Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin.	2001 Jan	11071707
Neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine produces evidence of behavioral sensitization in the rat.	2001 Jan	11071703
Clozapine, but not haloperidol, reverses social behavior deficit in mice during withdrawal from chronic phencyclidine treatment.	2001 Jan 22	11201068
Elevations in plasmatic titers of corticosterone and aldosterone, in the absence of changes in ACTH, testosterone, or glial fibrillary acidic protein, 72 h following D,L-fenfluramine or D-fenfluramine administration to rats.	2001 Jan-Feb	11274873
Comparison of ELISAs for opiates, methamphetamine, cocaine metabolite, benzodiazepines, phencyclidine, and cannabinoids in whole blood and urine.	2001 Mar	11238309
Higher cortical and lower subcortical metabolism in detoxified methamphetamine abusers.	2001 Mar	11229978
Association of dopamine transporter reduction with psychomotor impairment in methamphetamine abusers.	2001 Mar	11229977
Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents.	2001 Mar	11224724
Lobeline inhibits the neurochemical and behavioral effects of amphetamine.	2001 Mar	11181937
Regulation of the vesicular monoamine transporter-2: a novel mechanism for cocaine and other psychostimulants.	2001 Mar	11181904
IGF-I and bFGF improve dopamine neuron survival and behavioral outcome in parkinsonian rats receiving cultured human fetal tissue strands.	2001 Mar	11170733
Glycine reduces novelty- and methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in neonatal ventral hippocampal damaged rats.	2001 Mar	11166522
Dopaminergic role in stimulant-induced wakefulness.	2001 Mar 1	11222668
Fos expression in orexin neurons varies with behavioral state.	2001 Mar 1	11222656
Differences between methamphetamine users and cocaine users in treatment.	2001 Mar 1	11173172
Delta opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin causes a near complete blockade of the neuronal damage caused by a single high dose of methamphetamine: examining the role of p53.	2001 Mar 15	11169780
Protective effect of the antioxidant 6-ethoxy-2,2-pentamethylen-1,2-dihydroquinoline (S 33113) in models of cerebral neurodegeneration.	2001 Mar 23	11282113
Effects of lubeluzole on the methamphetamine-induced increase in extracellular glutamate and the long-term depletion of striatal dopamine.	2001 May	11252020

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: For treatment of children 6 years or older with a behavioral syndrome characterized by moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability and impulsivity: an initial dose of 5 mg DESOXYN once or twice a day is recommended. Daily dosage may be raised in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until an optimum clinical response is achieved. The usual effective dose is 20 to 25 mg daily. The total daily dose may be given in two divided doses daily. Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if there is a recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy. For Obesity: One 5 mg tablet should be taken one-half hour before each meal. Treatment should not exceed a few weeks in duration. Methamphetamine is not recommended for use as an anorectic agent in children under 12 years of age.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

It was investigated whether the psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) has a cytotoxic effect on oligodendrocytes and which cell-death pathways are involved in the cytotoxic process. METH caused concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in rat oligodendrocyte cultures. METH induced apoptotic cell death and mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (bax and DP5), but not anti-apoptotic proteins (bcl-2 and bcl-XL). These results suggest that METH induces cytotoxicity in rat oligodendrocytes via the differential regulation of the expression of genes involved in the apoptotic process.

Name

Type

Language

METHAMPHETAMINE TARTRATE

Common Name

English

BENZENEETHANAMINE, N,.ALPHA.-DIMETHYL-, TARTRATE

Systematic Name

English

BENZENEETHANAMINE, N,.ALPHA.-DIMETHYL-, (2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

PHENETHYLAMINE, N,.ALPHA.-DIMETHYL-, TARTRATE (1:1)

Systematic Name

English

METAMFETAMINE TARTRATE

Common Name

English

DESOXY EPHEDRINE TARTRATE

Common Name

English

(+)-(S)-N,.ALPHA.-DIMETHYLPHENETHYLAMINE TARTRATE

Systematic Name

English

BENZENEETHANAMINE, N,.ALPHA.-DIMETHYL-, (R-(R*,R*))-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOATE (1:1)

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

DRUG BANK

DBSALT002267