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Details

Stereochemistry ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula C26H40O5
Molecular Weight 432.5928
Optical Activity UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters 5 / 5
E/Z Centers 1
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of LATANOPROST

SMILES

CC(C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=GGXICVAJURFBLW-CEYXHVGTSA-N
InChI=1S/C26H40O5/c1-19(2)31-26(30)13-9-4-3-8-12-22-23(25(29)18-24(22)28)17-16-21(27)15-14-20-10-6-5-7-11-20/h3,5-8,10-11,19,21-25,27-29H,4,9,12-18H2,1-2H3/b8-3-/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25+/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194198 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01895972 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28783422 | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01749904

Latanoprostene Bunod (LBN) is a topical ophthalmic therapeutic for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. There is no cure for glaucoma and therapeutic management is predominantly focused on minimizing disease progression and clinical sequelae via the reduction and maintenance of appropriate target IOPs. Latanoprostene Bunod is thought to lower intraocular pressure via a dual mechanism of action since the medication is metabolized into two relevant moieties upon administration: latanoprost acid, and butanediol mononitrate. As a prostaglandin F2-alpha analog, the latanoprost acid moiety operates as a selective PGF2-alpha (FP) receptor agonist. Since FP receptors occur in the ciliary muscle, ciliary epithelium, and sclera the latanoprost acid moiety primarily acts in the uveoscleral pathway where it increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) like MMP-1, -3, and -9 which promote the degradation of collagen types I, III, and IV in the longitudinal bundles of the ciliary muscle and surrounding sclera. The resultant extracellular matrix remodeling of the ciliary muscle consequently produces reduced outflow resistance via increased permeability and increased aqueous humor outflow through the uveoscleral route. Conversely, the butanediol mononitrate undergoes further metabolism to NO and an inactive 1,4-butanediol moiety. As a gas that can freely diffuse across plasma membranes, it is proposed that the relaxing effect of NO to induce reductions in the cell volume and contractility of vascular smooth muscle-like cells is dependent upon activation of the sGC/cGMP/PKG cascade pathway. NO released from butanediol mononitrate consequently enters the cells of the TM and an inner wall of SC, causing decreases in myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation, increased phosphorylation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BKCa) channels, and a subsequent efflux of potassium ions through such BKCa channels. All of these changes serve to decrease the cell contractility and volume, as well as to rearrange the actin cytoskeleton of the TM and SC cells. These biomechanical changes ultimately allow for enhanced conventional outflow of aqueous humor.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
Target ID: P43088
Gene ID: 5737.0
Gene Symbol: PTGFR
Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
3.6 nM [EC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
VYZULTA

Approved Use

VYZULTA is a prostaglandin analog indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Launch Date

1.48668482E12
Primary
VYZULTA

Approved Use

VYZULTA is a prostaglandin analog indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Launch Date

1.48668482E12
Primary
VYZULTA

Approved Use

YZULTA™ (latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution) 0.024% is indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Launch Date

1.50949436E12
Primary
VYZULTA

Approved Use

YZULTA™ (latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution) 0.024% is indicated for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Launch Date

1.50949436E12
Palliative
XALATAN

Approved Use

XALATAN Sterile Ophthalmic Solution is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Launch Date

8.3393282E11
Primary
XALATAN

Approved Use

XALATAN Sterile Ophthalmic Solution is indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Launch Date

8.3393282E11
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
53 pg/mL
1.5 μg single, ocular
dose: 1.5 μg
route of administration: Ocular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LATANOPROST ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.15 ng × h/mL
3 μg/kg bw single, intravenous
dose: 3 μg/kg bw
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LATANOPROST ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
34 pg × h/mL
1.5 μg single, ocular
dose: 1.5 μg
route of administration: Ocular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LATANOPROST ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
16.6 min
3 μg/kg bw single, intravenous
dose: 3 μg/kg bw
route of administration: Intravenous
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LATANOPROST ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
17 min
1.5 μg single, ocular
dose: 1.5 μg
route of administration: Ocular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
LATANOPROST ACID plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
0.005 % 1 times / day multiple, topical
Recommended
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Route: topical
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, mean age 63.1 years
n = 289
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: open-angle glaucoma | ocular hypertension
Age Group: mean age 63.1 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 289
Sources:
Disc. AE: Iritis, Meibomianitis...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Iritis (grade 2, 0.3%)
Meibomianitis (grade 1, 0.3%)
Sources:
11 ug/kg multiple, topical
MTD
unhealthy
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Other AEs: Abdominal pain, Dizziness...
Other AEs:
Abdominal pain
Dizziness
Fatigue
Hot flushes
Nausea
Sweating
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Meibomianitis grade 1, 0.3%
Disc. AE
0.005 % 1 times / day multiple, topical
Recommended
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Route: topical
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, mean age 63.1 years
n = 289
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: open-angle glaucoma | ocular hypertension
Age Group: mean age 63.1 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 289
Sources:
Iritis grade 2, 0.3%
Disc. AE
0.005 % 1 times / day multiple, topical
Recommended
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Route: topical
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.005 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, mean age 63.1 years
n = 289
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: open-angle glaucoma | ocular hypertension
Age Group: mean age 63.1 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 289
Sources:
Abdominal pain
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Dizziness
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Fatigue
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Hot flushes
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Nausea
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Sweating
10 ug/kg single, intravenous (max)
Overdose
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 10 ug/kg
Sources:
healthy
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Corneal permeability to and ocular metabolism of phenyl substituted prostaglandin esters in vitro.
1994 Apr
The lack of respiratory effects of the ocular hypotensive drug latanoprost in patients with moderate-steroid treated asthma.
1997 Feb
Additive ocular hypotensive effect of latanoprost and acetazolamide. A short-term study in patients with elevated intraocular pressure.
1997 Sep
Effects of latanoprost and dipivefrin, alone or combined, on intraocular pressure and on blood-aqueous barrier permeability.
1998 Apr
Comparison of the effect of latanoprost 0.005% and timolol 0.5% on the calculated ocular perfusion pressure in patients with normal-tension glaucoma.
1998 May
Microvascular effects of selective prostaglandin analogues in the eye with special reference to latanoprost and glaucoma treatment.
2000 Jul
A randomized, comparative open-label study on the efficacy of latanoprost and timolol in steroid induced ocular hypertension after photorefractive keratectomy.
2000 Jul-Sep
[Increased iris pigmentation after use of latanoprost in Japanese brown eyes].
2001 May
Outcome of raised intraocular pressure in uveitic eyes with and without a corticosteroid-induced hypertensive response.
2009 Aug
The prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 is expressed in human ocular tissues and transports the antiglaucoma prostanoid latanoprost.
2010 May
Systems pharmacological analysis of drugs inducing stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
2015 May 18
Patents

Sample Use Guides

One drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening.
Route of Administration: Other
Latanoprost above concentrations of 3.125 mg/l can induce dose- and time-dependent morphological abnormality, growth retardation, viability decline, and plasma membrane permeability elevation of human corneal stromal (HCS) cells. Moreover, latanoprost can arrest the cell cycle of these cells at S phase and induce PS externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation of the cells. Furthermore, latanoprost can induce activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9; disruption of MTP; downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2; upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax; and cytoplasmic cytochrome c release
Name Type Language
LATANOPROST
INN   JAN   MART.   MI   ORANGE BOOK   USAN   USP-RS   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN   USAN  
Official Name English
Isopropyl (Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl]cyclopentyl]-5-heptenoate
Systematic Name English
PHXA41
Code English
LATANOPROST [MART.]
Common Name English
5-HEPTENOIC ACID, 7-(3,5-DIHYDROXY-2-(3-HYDROXY-5-PHENYLPENTYL)CYCLOPENTYL)-1-METHYLETHYL ESTER, (1R-(1.ALPHA.(Z),2.BETA.(R*),3.ALPHA.,5.ALPHA.))-
Common Name English
XA-41
Code English
T2345
Code English
T-2345
Code English
LATANOPROST [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
latanoprost [INN]
Common Name English
XELPROS
Brand Name English
Latanoprost [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
LATANOPROST COMPONENT OF ROCKLATAN
Common Name English
XALATAN
Brand Name English
LATANOPROST [MI]
Common Name English
ROCKLATAN COMPONENT LATANOPROST
Common Name English
LATANOPROST (ISOPROPYL ESTER)
Common Name English
LATANOPROST [USAN]
Common Name English
LATANOPROST [JAN]
Common Name English
XA41
Code English
LATANOPROST [USP-RS]
Common Name English
IYUZEH
Brand Name English
LATANOPROST [EP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
LATANOPROST [USP MONOGRAPH]
Common Name English
LATANOPROST [VANDF]
Common Name English
PHXA-41
Code English
XALACOM COMPONENT LATANOPROST
Brand Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QS01EE01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000007706
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C29705
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC S01EE01
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000007706
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175454
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C78568
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000007706
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
DAILYMED
6Z5B6HVF6O
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID1041057
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000092301
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PRIMARY
USAN
II-6
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PRIMARY
LACTMED
Latanoprost
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1051
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PRIMARY
CHEBI
6384
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PRIMARY
INN
6980
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PRIMARY
MESH
C072042
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C29151
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
LATANOPROST
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
130209-82-4
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
1551
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PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB08409MIG
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PRIMARY
FDA UNII
6Z5B6HVF6O
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RS_ITEM_NUM
1357475
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00654
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
43611
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
IUPHAR
1961
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5311221
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m6701
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 15:39:37 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index