Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C24H26N2O13 |
Molecular Weight | 550.4688 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 7 / 7 |
E/Z Centers | 1 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](OC2=CC3=C(C=C2O)N(\C=C\C4=CC(=N[C@@H](C4)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C3)C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI
InChIKey=CTMLKIKAUFEMLE-FTNGGYTGSA-N
InChI=1S/C24H26N2O13/c27-8-17-18(29)19(30)20(31)24(39-17)38-16-6-10-5-14(23(36)37)26(13(10)7-15(16)28)2-1-9-3-11(21(32)33)25-12(4-9)22(34)35/h1-3,6-7,12,14,17-20,24,27-31H,4-5,8H2,(H,32,33)(H,34,35)(H,36,37)/b2-1+/t12-,14-,17+,18+,19-,20+,24+/m0/s1
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178819
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25178819
Betanin (betanidin-5-O-beta-glucoside, Beetroot Red) is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets. Betanin is the most common betacyanin in the plant kingdom. According to the regulation on food additives betanin is permitted quantum satis as a natural red food colorant (E162). Moreover, betanin is used as colorant in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Recently, potential health benefits of betalains and betalain-rich foods (e.g. red beet, Opuntia sp.) have been discussed. Betanin is a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and exhibits gene-regulatory activity partly via nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-(Nrf2) dependent signaling pathways. Betanin may induce phase II enzymes and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Furthermore, betanin possibly prevents LDL oxidation and DNA damage. Potential blood pressure lowering effects of red beet seem to be mainly mediated by dietary nitrate rather than by betanin per se.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL230 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16277432 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964200
500 mL of a commercial red beet juice containing 362.7 mg of betalains
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16277432
The cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activity of all natural pigments isolated was evaluated by using the MTT colorimetric assay. The tumor cell lines AGS, HCT-116, MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 used were maintained in our laboratory at Michigan State University. The cell lines were maintained as adherent cell cultures in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 units of penicillin, and 105 mkg/mL streptomycin at 37 C under 5% CO2 in a humidified incubator. The cells were harvested and counted by using a hemacytometer, and the appropriate number of cells (4000-8000 cells/mL) was transferred into 96 well plates and incubated for 24 h prior to the treatment. Betanin and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were dissolved in water separately and diluted with RPMI-1640 medium to the desired concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mkg/mL. The test compounds were exposed to cells for 48 h. Adriamycin (doxorubicin), dissolved in 0.1% DMSO, was used as the positive control.
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JECFA EVALUATION |
E-162
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) |
E-162
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170989
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231-628-5
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5YJC992ZP6
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BETANIN
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78693-88-6
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209056-04-2
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100000130109
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SUBSTANCE RECORD