| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C24H40O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 376.5726 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 9 / 9 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@H](CCC(O)=O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]4C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C
InChI
InChIKey=SMEROWZSTRWXGI-HVATVPOCSA-N
InChI=1S/C24H40O3/c1-15(4-9-22(26)27)19-7-8-20-18-6-5-16-14-17(25)10-12-23(16,2)21(18)11-13-24(19,20)3/h15-21,25H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,26,27)/t15-,16-,17-,18+,19-,20+,21+,23+,24-/m1/s1
Lithocholic acid (LCA) is a secondary bile acid that is formed in the intestine by the bacteria and can activate the pregnane X and the vitamin D receptors. In humans, elevated levels of LCA are found in patients suffering from the chronic cholestatic liver disease. Whereas in normal colonic epithelium lithocholic acid promotes apoptosis, it has been shown to possess anti-tumor effect in human neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, was proposed, that LCA could kill cancer cells and increase the longevity of non-cancerous cells by causing quite opposite effects on the same kind of mitochondria-confined processes in these two different cell types.
Approval Year
Sample Use Guides
It was discovered, that at concentrations that were not cytotoxic to primary cultures of human neurons, lithocholic acid (LCA) killed the neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH, SK-n-MCIXC and Lan-1. In BE(2)-m17, SK-n-SH and SK-n-MCIXC cells, the LCA anti-tumor effect was due to apoptotic cell death. In contrast, the LCA-triggered death of Lan-1 cells was not caused by apoptosis. It was found that LCA (0-250 uM) significantly increases the activity of caspase-8 in BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC. The extent to which caspase-8 was activated by LCA in these two cell lines was correlated with the degree of their sensitivity to the cytotoxic, apoptosis-inducing and hydrogen peroxide-sensitizing effects of LCA. It was proposed that the LCA-dependent activation of caspase-8 seen in BE(2)-m17 and SK-n-MCIXC cells could be responsible not only for the direct proteolytic activation of caspase-3 but also for MOMP (perhaps, due to BID cleavage by caspase-8) and the resulting initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic death pathway observed in these NB cells.
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