| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C21H29NO2.C4H6O6 |
| Molecular Weight | 477.5473 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 5 / 5 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O[C@@H]([C@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.OC1=CC2=C(C[C@H]3N(CC4CCC4)CC[C@@]25CCCC[C@@]35O)C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=GMTYREVWZXJPLF-AFHUBHILSA-N
InChI=1S/C21H29NO2.C4H6O6/c23-17-7-6-16-12-19-21(24)9-2-1-8-20(21,18(16)13-17)10-11-22(19)14-15-4-3-5-15;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h6-7,13,15,19,23-24H,1-5,8-12,14H2;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t19-,20+,21-;1-,2-/m10/s1
Butorphanol is a synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic with a pharmacological and therapeutic profile that has been well established since its launch as a parenteral formulation in 1978. The introduction of a transnasal formulation of butorphanol represents a new and noninvasive presentation of an analgesic for moderate to severe pain. This route of administration bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, and this is an advantage for a drug such as butorphanol that undergoes significant first-pass metabolism after oral administration. The onset of action and systemic bioavailability of butorphanol following transnasal delivery are similar to those after parenteral administration. Butorphanol blocks pain impulses at specific sites in the brain and spinal cord. Butorphanol has agonistic activity at the κ-receptor and antagonistic activity at the μ-receptor. It also exhibits partial agonistic activity at the σ-receptor.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Doses
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
Sourcing
PubMed
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Preoperative Medication:
Initial dose: 2 mg intramuscularly 60 to 90 minutes before surgery
Balanced Anesthesia:
Initial dose: 2 mg intravenously shortly before induction and/or 0.5 mg to 1 mg in increments during anesthesia. The increments may be higher, up to 0.06 mg/kg (4 mg/70 kg) depending on the previous sedative, analgesic, and hypnotic drugs administered.
The total dose needed will vary. However, patients have generally been reported to have needed between a total dosage of 4 mg to 12.5 mg (approximately 0.06 to 0.18 mg/kg).
Usual Adult Dose for Labor Pain
For use In the treatment of patients at full term early in labor:
Initial dose: 1 or 2 mg intravenously or intramuscularly once.
This dose may be repeated in 4 hours if necessary.
Usual Adult Dose for Pain
Initial dose: 1 mg intravenously once. Depending on the severity of the pain, effective intravenous doses range from 0.5 to 2 mg.
Route of Administration:
Other
ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD
