Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was first isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947. The drug was subsequently chemically synthesized. It has both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect; in the usual therapeutic concentrations it is bacteriostatic. Chloramphenicol is used for the treatment of serious gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic infections. It is especially useful in the treatment of meningitis, typhoid fever, and cystic fibrosis. It should be reserved for infections for which other drugs are ineffective or contraindicated. Chloramphenicol, a small inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, is active against a variety of bacteria and readily enters the CSF. It has been used extensively in the last decades for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. In industrialized countries, chloramphenicol is restricted mostly to topical uses because of the risk of induction of aplastic anemia. However, it remains a valuable reserve antibiotic for patients with allergy to β-lactam antibiotics or with CNS infections caused by multiresistant pathogens.

PZ-128 (also known as P1pal7 ) is a cell-penetrating pepducin inhibitor of PAR1 that targets the receptor-G-protein interface on the inside surface of platelets. In preclinical studies, PZ-128 suppresses PAR1 aggregation and arterial thrombosis in guinea pigs and baboons and strongly synergized with oral clopidogrel. PZ-128 shows potent anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activity in Breast, Ovarian, and Lung Cancer preclinical studies. In clinical trials, PZ-128 shows a promising antiplatelet activity that provides rapid, specific, dose-dependent, and reversible inhibition of platelet protease-activated receptor-1 through a novel intracellular mechanism.