Lincomycin (LINCOCIN®) is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis (Streptomycetaceae family). It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections. Lincomycin (LINCOCIN®) inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the 50S subunits of bacterial ribosomes and preventing peptide bond formation upon transcription. It is usually considered bacteriostatic, but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or when used against highly susceptible microorganisms.

Spectinomycin is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of acute gonorrheal urethritis and proctitis in the male and acute gonorrheal cervicitis and proctitis in the female when due to susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In vitro studies have shown spectinomycin to be active against most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (minimum inhibitory concentration <7.5 to 20 mcg/mL). Footprint studies indicate that spectinomycin exerts regional effects on ribosomal structure. Spectinomycin hydrochloride is an inhibitor of protein synthesis in the bacterial cell; the site of action is the 30S ribosomal subunit. The antibiotic is not significantly bound to plasma protein. Spectinomycin was discovered 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. This antibiotic is no longer available in the United States. Pfizer has discontinued distribution of spectinomycin (Trobicin) in the U.S. The drug continues to be distributed outside the U.S.