Landiolol (Onoact) is an intravenously administered, ultra short-acting β1-blocker with an elimination half-life of 3-4 min and ≈8-fold greater cardioselectivity than esmolol in vitro. It is approved in Japan for the treatment of intraoperative and postoperative tachyarrhythmias, but in clinical practice is also used to prevent postoperative tachyarrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Randomized controlled trials in patients undergoing open-heart surgery demonstrated that various dosages of landiolol (0.0005-0.04 mg/kg/min) [0.5-40 μg/kg/min] were more effective than diltiazem in converting postoperative atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm during the first 8 h after surgery, and were more effective than placebo (or no landiolol) in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation during the first week after surgery (primary efficacy endpoints). Landiolol was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with a relatively low risk of hypotension and bradycardia, although routine monitoring of cardiac function during landiolol administration is important. In general, adverse events such as reduced blood pressure resolve quickly after discontinuation of landiolol. Thus, as an ultra short-acting β1-blocker with a rapid onset of action and readily titratable and rapidly reversible effects, landiolol represents an important agent for the management of intraoperative and postoperative tachyarrhythmias.

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (meta-chlorophenylpiperazine or mCPP) is a psychoactive substance, which is illegal in many countries but can be found on the black market. It induces endocrine, neurological and psychiatric effects. mCPP is a partial agonist at the 5-HT2C receptor but antagonized the 5-HT2B and 5-HT3 receptors. mCPP is also an active metabolite of the drug trazodone, which is used as an effective antidepressant drug with a broad therapeutic spectrum, including anxiolytic efficacy. It is known, that mCPP induces migraine attacks and that the decrease of food intake induced by the mCPP depends on its ability to act as a serotonin agonist is a brain.