Fenfluramine (former brand names Pondimin, Ponderax and Adifax), also known as 3-trifluoromethyl-N-ethylamphetamine, is an anorectic that is no longer marketed. In combination with phentermine, it was part of the anti-obesity medication Fen-phen. Fenfluramine was introduced on the U.S. market in 1973 and withdrawn in 1997. It is the racemic mixture of two enantiomers, dexfenfluramine, and levofenfluramine. The drug increases the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite and other functions. Fenfluramine causes the release of serotonin by disrupting vesicular storage of the neurotransmitter and reversing serotonin transporter function. The drug was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 1997 after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension, including a condition known as cardiac fibrosis. It was subsequently withdrawn from other markets around the world. In this small exploratory and retrospective study, remarkably good results were reported on the use of fenfluramine as an add-on medication for controlling seizures in patients with the Dravet syndrome. The side effects were rare and nonserious and did not result in termination of the treatment. It is possible that this drug may have anticonvulsive effects for other severe epilepsy syndromes, especially in those characterized by photosensitive or induced seizures.

m-Chlorophenylpiperazine (meta-chlorophenylpiperazine or mCPP) is a psychoactive substance, which is illegal in many countries but can be found on the black market. It induces endocrine, neurological and psychiatric effects. mCPP is a partial agonist at the 5-HT2C receptor but antagonized the 5-HT2B and 5-HT3 receptors. mCPP is also an active metabolite of the drug trazodone, which is used as an effective antidepressant drug with a broad therapeutic spectrum, including anxiolytic efficacy. It is known, that mCPP induces migraine attacks and that the decrease of food intake induced by the mCPP depends on its ability to act as a serotonin agonist is a brain.