Pholedrine is a hydroxymethylamphetamine. It is a sympathimimetric drug of low toxicity, which is of great value in conditions of hypotonia, collapse, and circulatory depression. Pholedrine was reported on in 1937 by several investigators, who described its vasopressor action in animals as more potent than that of ephedrine. The drug is grouped with hydroxyamphetamine because of its similarity in structure and hemodynamic pattern. Pholedrine, in small doses, potentiates epinephrine, but in large doses blocks its pressor effect. Pholedrine applied as eye-drops produces mydriasis that is greatly attenuated by guanethidine pretreatment and diminished in patients with postganglionic sympathetic nerve lesions. It might be used to diagnose Horner's syndrome.

Dehydrocholic acid is manufactured from cholic acid by oxidation. The main use of dehydrocholic acid is as a digestive aid in the dietary supplement industry. It is typically formulated with enzymes like papain and pancreatin. It has a stimulating effect on the secretion of bile by the liver (choleretic); improves absorption of essential food materials in states associated with deficient bile formation.

Hypophosphite is a strong reducing agent, that has been used in the 1850s as a remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Hypophosphites were used extensively in pharmaceutical preparations, elixirs, and tonics. Hypophosphite does not appear to have adverse toxicological effects, and the sodium, calcium, and potassium salts are considered GRAS. Hypophosphite use in foods may not be limited to one function. Hypophosphites have been used in foods as antioxidants, stabilizers, meat pickling accelerator, and vegetable protein flow inducer.

BORATE, a salt of boric acid, is used as a food additive in the European Union. This additive is authorized for use as preservatives of sturgeon eggs (caviar).

Linoleic acid is a naturally occurring omega-6 essential fatty acid, present in a variety of foods, including the oils. Linoleic acid is a precursor for arachidonic acid biosynthesis; on the first enzymatic step of the pathway involves delta-6-desaturase, which converts linoleic acid to gamma-lenolenic acid. Linoleic acid has beneficial effects on human skin and hair. Replacement of saturated fat with linoleic acid is advocated to improve serum lipoprotein profiles and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Linoleic acid was tested in clinical trilas as a possible remedy against multiple sclerosis.

Sodium 1,2-ethanedisulfonate dihydrate is salt of ethanedisulfonic acid. Ethanedisulfonic acid is used in pharmaceutical formulations of some antipsychotic compounds to form salts with the active ingredients, known as edisylates.

Arsenite ion is a form of inorganic trivalent arsenic. It is derived from arsenous acid and known mainly for forming the basis of Fowler's solution (1% potassium arsenite (KAsO2). Fowler's solution has had a fascinating history in medicine during the past 200 years. The use of Fowler's solution was first described and published as a treatment for malaria and syphilis in the late 1700s. Many clinical applications for Fowler's solutions have been studied and utilized over the years, but toxicities have limited its utility. Even so, arsenic trioxide, chemically related to Fowler's solution, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. The chronic arsenic exposure is a cause of immense health distress as it accounts for the increased risk of various disorders such as cardiovascular abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. In addition, the exposure to arsenic has been suggested to affect the liver function and to induce hepatotoxicity. Moreover, few studies demonstrated the induction of carcinogenicity especially cancer of the skin, bladder, and lungs after the chronic exposure to arsenic.

Molybdic acid refers to hydrated forms of molybdenum trioxide. There is no information related to the biological and pharmacological application of molybdic acid. It is known, that this substance is used as heterogeneous catalysts.

Gold trichloride is used as a catalyst in synthesis of new compounds. It was shown that gold trichloride was not the marker of contact allergy and could not be recommended in patch testing.