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Search results for etoposide root_names_stdName in Standardized Name (approximate match)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Dr. Cellapy SR Premium Solution by GM Holdings Co., Ltd
(2014)
Source URL:
First approved in 2011
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by adenylate cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell. Around 1960 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) serves as the secondary messenger within the cell. Cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory units with the regulatory units blocking the catalytic centers of the catalytic units. Cyclic AMP binds to specific locations on the regulatory units of the protein kinase, and causes dissociation between the regulatory and catalytic subunits, thus enabling those catalytic units to phosphorylate substrate proteins. It was discovered, that melanocytes require the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathways to maintain the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation. cAMP suppressed CRAF activity in melanocytes and that was essential to suppress the oncogenic potential of CRAF in the cells. When RAS was mutated in melanoma, the cells switched their signaling from BRAF to CRAF. That switch was accompanied by dysregulated cAMP signaling, a step that was necessary to allow CRAF to signal to MEK. Thus, a fundamental switch in RAF isoform usage occurs when RAS was mutated in melanoma, and that occurs in the context of disrupted cAMP signaling. These data have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat this life-threatening disease.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 347
(2010)
Source URL:
First approved in 2010
Source:
21 CFR 347
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Regrelor (INS50589) is a P2Y(12) ADP-receptor antagonist that regulates platelet function. Regrelor was found to be well-tolerated and have reversible effects. Its potential therapeutic utility in various cardiovascular settings has been studied. Initial results of canine models suggested that regrelor should be effective in protecting platelet function and reducing blood loss in human patients undergoing open-heart surgery. A phase II study testing regrelor for its safety and efficacy in reduction of postoperative bleeding and blood product transfusion was terminated due to adverse effects.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 355
(2008)
Source URL:
First approved in 2008
Source:
21 CFR 355
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 352
(2008)
Source URL:
First approved in 2008
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 352
(2004)
Source URL:
First approved in 2004
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 333A
(2011)
Source URL:
First approved in 2003
Source:
21 CFR 333D
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 333A
(2013)
Source URL:
First approved in 2003
Source:
21 CFR 350
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
21 CFR 348
(2020)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
21 CFR 333A
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
M021
(2002)
Source URL:
First approved in 2002
Source:
M021
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
M006
(2011)
Source URL:
First approved in 2000
Source:
21 CFR 352
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions: