Bisdequalinium (also known as R-199, trade name Solvidont) is an antibacterial agent for endodontic use. Bisdequalinium was available in three dispensing forms: an irrigation solution, a working solution, and a medication paste. They contained 0.125 %, 0.5 %, and 0.48 % Bisdequalinium respectively. The low cytotoxicity and high antimicrobial effects, detergent, and lubricating and chelating properties, all claimed in the manufacturer's brochure, make this material an appropriate candidate for clinical endodontic use.

Pizotifen (INN) or pizotyline (USAN), trade name Sandomigran, is a benzocycloheptene-based drug used as a medicine, primarily as a preventative to reduce the frequency of recurrent migraine headaches. Pizotifen is a serotonin antagonist acting mainly at the 5-HT2A and 5HT2C receptors. It also has some activity as an antihistamine as well as some anticholinergic activity. The main medical use for pizotifen is for the prevention of vascular headache including migraine and cluster headache. Pizotifen is one of a range of medications used for this purpose, other options include propranolol, topiramate, valproic acid and amitriptyline. While pizotifen is reasonably effective, its use is limited by side effects, principally drowsiness and weight gain, and it is usually not the first choice medicine for preventing migraines, instead being used as an alternative when other drugs have failed to be effective. It is not effective in relieving migraine attacks once in progress. Pizotifen has also been reported as highly effective in a severe case of erythromelalgia, a rare neurovascular disease that is sometimes refractory to the other drugs named above. Side effects include sedation, dry mouth, drowsiness, increased appetite and weight gain. Occasionally it may cause nausea, headaches, or dizziness. In rare cases, anxiety, aggression and depression may also occur. Pizotifen is well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract, peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 5 hours after oral administration. The absorption of pizotifen is fast (absorption half life 0.5 to 0.8 hours) and nearly complete (80%). Over 90% is bound to plasma proteins. Pizotifen undergoes extensive metabolism. Over half of a dose is excreted in the urine, chiefly as metabolites; a significant proportion is excreted in the faeces. The primary metabolite of pizotifen (N-glucuronide conjugate) has a long elimination half-life of about 23 hours.

Ipidacrine (Neiromidin) is a drug first synthesized by the National Research Center for Biologically Active Compounds in the Russian Federation. Neuromidin has a direct stimulating effect on the conduct of the pulse along the nerve fibers, interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses of the CNS and peripheral nervous system. Pharmacological action neuromidin is based on a combination of two mechanisms of action: blockade of potassium channels of the membrane of neurons and muscle cells; reversible inhibition of cholinesterase in synapses. Neuromidin enhances the effect on smooth muscle acetylcholine not only, but epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin. It has the following pharmacological effects: - Improve and stimulate impulse conduction in the nervous system and neuromuscular transmission; - Enhances contractility of smooth muscle organs under the influence of acetylcholine agonists, adrenaline, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin receptors, with the exception of potassium chloride; - Improves memory, slows progressive course of dementia. In preclinical studies Neuromidin is not teratogenic, embryotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic action, had no effect on the endocrine system

Ipidacrine (Neiromidin) is a drug first synthesized by the National Research Center for Biologically Active Compounds in the Russian Federation. Neuromidin has a direct stimulating effect on the conduct of the pulse along the nerve fibers, interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses of the CNS and peripheral nervous system. Pharmacological action neuromidin is based on a combination of two mechanisms of action: blockade of potassium channels of the membrane of neurons and muscle cells; reversible inhibition of cholinesterase in synapses. Neuromidin enhances the effect on smooth muscle acetylcholine not only, but epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin. It has the following pharmacological effects: - Improve and stimulate impulse conduction in the nervous system and neuromuscular transmission; - Enhances contractility of smooth muscle organs under the influence of acetylcholine agonists, adrenaline, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin receptors, with the exception of potassium chloride; - Improves memory, slows progressive course of dementia. In preclinical studies Neuromidin is not teratogenic, embryotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic action, had no effect on the endocrine system

Mozavaptan hydrochloride was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on July 26, 2006. It was developed and marketed as Physuline® by Otsuka in Japan. Mozavaptan hydrochloride is a vasopressin receptor antagonist. It is indicated for the treatment of hyponatremia due to excessive fluid retention when restriction of fluid intake is ineffective. Physuline® is available as film-coated tablet for oral use, containing 30 mg of Mozavaptan hydrochloride. The recommended dose is one tablet (30 mg) once daily after a meal.

Clocapramine is a chlorinated derivative of carpipramine. The hydrochloride has been given orally in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clocapramine is an antagonist of the Dopamine D2 and Serotonine (5-HT2) receptors. It has been implicated in at least one strange death, including a suicide. It augments the paroxetine in the panic disorder treatment.

Nepaprazole is a proton pump inhibitor of substituted 2-(2-pyridinylmethylsulfinyl)-1H-benzimidazole class evaluated as useful drug for the clinical treatment of peptic ulcer diseases. The effects of the TY-11345 (nepaprazole sodium salt) on gastric mucosal proton pump (H+/K(+)-ATPase) activity, gastric acid secretion and gastro-duodenal lesions were investigated in experimental animals. TY-11345 potently inhibited H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in isolated rabbit gastric mucosal microsomes and the inhibitory effect was enhanced under weak acid conditions. In Ghosh & Schild rats, intravenous injection of TY-11345 significantly inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by tetragastrin; the effect of TY-11345 was twice as potent as that of omeprazole. In pylorus ligated rats, TY-11345 inhibited basal gastric acid secretion by both the intraduodenal and oral routes with 9 and 5 times more greater potency than those of omeprazole, respectively. The antisecretory effect of TY-11345 persisted for more than 24 h in pylorus ligated rats. In experimental ulcer models, TY-11345 prevented the formation of water-immersion stress, ethanol or indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and mepirizole-induced duodenal lesions in rats. The antiulcer effects of TY-11345 were 3 to 15 times more potent than those of omeprazole. These results suggested that TY-11345 had potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects which are exerted by suppression of H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in gastric parietal cells. Nepaprazole sodium had been studied in phase II clinical trials for treatment of gastric ulser but this research has been discontinued.

Exatecan (DX-8951f), a new hexacyclic camptothecin analogue, is a second-generation topoisomerase inhibitor that prevents rapidly dividing cells from replicating by interrupting DNA transcription, ultimately leading to cell death. Preclinical studies showed exatecan to have broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy. Exatecan is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of pancreas cancer. However, there is no recent report of this research. The compound was co-developed by Daiichi Pharmaceutical (now Daiichi Sankyo) and Yakult Honsha.

Colforsin daropate (a derivative of Colforsin) is cardiotonic, adenylate cyclase activator. It is reported as an ingredient of Adehl in Japan. Colforsin daropate hydrochloride is used for the treatment of acute heart failure. Colforsin daropate is capable of directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, which in turn causes vasorelaxation via elevated intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, making it a useful therapeutic tool in treating cerebral vasospasm.

Metralindole (Inkazan) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) which was used in Russia as an antidepressant. Inkasan (3-methyl-8-methoxy-3H, 1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyrazine /1.2.3-ab/-beta-carboline hydrochloride) has pharmacological properties characteristic of antidepressants. The clinical antidepressant effect of inkasan is combined with stimulating action. The drug is primarily indicated for patients in whom adynamic (anergic) disturbances are predominant in the clinical picture of depression.