Acetyl-β-boswellic acid (or 3-O-acetyl-β-BA or AβBA) is a cytotoxic compound, which can be isolated from the gum resins of various Boswellia species. It was studied the mechanism of action of this compound on prostate cancer cells and was revealed, that AβBA inhibits IκB kinase (IKK) activity, leading to subsequent inhibition of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and also cyclin D1, a crucial regulator of cell proliferation. This mechanism finally promote apoptosis of the androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. In addition was shown, that AβBA directly interacts with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. This binding resulted in an inhibition of the functionality of LL-37, that might be a relevant mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of AβBA and suggested this compound as suitable chemical tools or potential agent for intervention with the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and related disorders