Nemazoline (A-57219) is a nasal decongestant. It has alpha 1-agonist/alpha 2-antagonist activity and was more effective and long-acting than oxymetazoline on canine nasal mucosa, in-vitro and in-vivo. Upon intranasal administration to dogs, the compound was devoid of systemic effects up to a concentration 1000 times that needed for local decongestant effect (1.65 micrograms, atomized from a 1 microgram mL-1 solution) suggesting limited mucosal absorption. After nasal administration to rats for 15 days at a concentration 1000 times greater than that required for nasal decongestion, no mucosal tissue toxicity or systemic effects were seen.

Phenamazoline is an antazoline derivative. It is a sympathomimetic agent. It was developed as vasoconstrictor but its carbon analog is a vasodilator.

Tesmilifene is a small-molecule antineoplastic drug and chemopotentiator that was under development by YM BioSciences for the treatment of breast cancer. Tesmilifene was developed as a selective ligand of the antiestrogen binding sites without estrogen receptor affinity. Tesmilifene potentiates the cytotoxicity of a variety of chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo. Tesmilifene in combination with doxorubicin provides an unexpected and very large survival advantage over doxorubicin alone in a randomized trial in phase III clinical trial in advanced breast cancer. Unfortunately, Tesmilifene application associated with high rate disease and treatment-related adverse events and poor quality of life. Based on these results further development of Tesmilifene was discontinued

Aplaviroc (GW873140) is a small-molecule noncompetitive allosteric CCR5 antagonist or HIV entry inhibitor (EI) that binds specifically to human CCR5 and exhibits potent anti-HIV activity in vitro in the nanomolar or subnanomolar range. Aplaviroc has exhibited potent in vivo antiviral activity (1.66 log decrease in viral load at nadir) following 10 days of monotherapy. In vitro studies of antiviral activity demonstrate that aplaviroc is active against HIV isolates from a variety of clades as well as those resistant to current HIV therapies targeting RT, PR, and gp41. However, GlaxoSmithKline has decided to terminate Phase III trials of aplaviroc after encountering additional cases of liver damage in patients taking the drug.

Vercirnon (GSK-1605786, CCX-282, nTraficet-EN) is a selective, and potent antagonist of human CCR9. Vercirnon binds to the intracellular side of the receptor, exerting allosteric antagonism and preventing G-protein coupling. CCR9 is a tissue-specific lymphocyte trafficking molecule that selectively attracts both B- and T-cells to the small gut. Inhibition of CCR9 by GSK-1605786 may inhibit B- and T-cell entry to the small gut and ameliorate inflammation while leaving immune function at other anatomical sites unaffected. Vercirnon is an orally bioavailable, anti-inflammatory agent that is being developed by ChemoCentryx for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with an initial focus in Crohn's disease. A pivotal phase III programme of vercirnon was initiated in patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease, however, the programme was suspended when the first pivotal trial failed to meet its primary endpoint. Phase II trials for ulcerative colitis and celiac disease were conducted, however investigations for ulcerative colitis were suspended while no further development has been reported for celiac disease.

Epetirimod (S-30563 or TAK-851) is an immunostimulant. The compound is structurally related to the marketed topical imidazoquinoline drug, imiquimod, an agonist of Toll-like receptor 7. Epetirimod was under development with Takeda Pharmaceutical as a topical treatment for cervical high-risk HPV infection and cervical dysplasia. Takeda has discontinued epetirimod development as it did not meet the predefined efficacy end points in a US Phase II trial.

Ristianol (Ristianol phosphate) is a bioactive chemical that is registered as an anti-inflammatory agent and immunoregulator (in Europe), but no further information is available.

Tiacrilast (also known as Ro 22-3747) is a quinazolinyl-propenoic acid derivative patented by Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. as an antihypertensive useful for anaphylaxis management. Tiacrilast acts as a potent mast cell degranulation inhibitor in vitro and inhibits of antigen-induced histamine release from passively sensitized rat peritoneal cells in vitro. In preclinical models, Tiacrilast shows marked activity in rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay, rat anaphylactic bronchospasm assay. In vitro studies have confirmed that the mechanism of action of Tiacrilast in the in vivo models is through allergic mediator release inhibition. Clinical evaluations of Tiacrilast in patients with ragweed sensitive allergic asthma, Tiacrilast demonstrates significant inhibitory activity relative to placebo in reducing acute airway responses to inhaled pollen extracts

Cycliramine is a substituted piperidine derivative discovered by Schering Corp. The drug is claimed to have antihistamine, antispasmodic, antiacetylcholine and analgesic activity.

There is no information about biological and medical application of dorastine . It’s known, that compound possesses antihistamine properties and can be obtained from 4-chloroaniline.