Mesaconitine is a diterpene alkaloid, from the plants of the Aconitum genus, Ranunculaceae. Mesaconitine is a centrally acting analgesic without affinity to opioid receptors. It has been reported that the antinociception is due to an interaction with the noradrenergic system. As a neurotoxic, it opens the TTX-sensitive Na+ channels in the heart and other tissues and induces arrhythmia. The activity of Mesaconitine, which is a chemical analog of Aconitine, on TTX sensitive Na+ channels in the heart and other tissues is stronger than that of Aconitine. The duration of its neurotoxic effect is shorter. It possesses an hypotensive activity. The hypotensive action is not inhibited by an adrenergic b-blocker but abolished with muscarinic blocker. It may be partially mediated by a muscarinic mechanism. Mesaconitine binds with high affinity to the open state of the voltage-sensitive sodium channels at site 2, thereby causing a persistent activation of the sodium channels, which become refractory to excitation.

Populin is a glucoside occurring in the bark, buds and leaves of certain species of poplar.

Benzoylmesaconine (BMA) is the main Aconitum alkaloid in Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata. Notably, the high levels of toxicity of Radix Aconiti are derived from diester aconitum alkaloids, including aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine, which can be hydrolyzed to benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine, respectively. Benzoylmesaconine exhibits biological effects, including analgesic, antiviral and antifungal activities.

Benzoylaconine (Isaconitine; Pikraconitin) is an alkaloid in the Chinese traditional medicine Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata (Fuzi). Benzoylaconine is a metabolite of aconitine. Benzoylaconine increased P-gp expression in LS174T and Caco-2 cells, it also increased the P-gp transport activity. Benzoylaconine has being shown to stimulate dynorphin A expression in cultured primary spinal microglia.

Zinc Benzoate is an organic metal salt in a white powder form. It is very slightly soluble in water. Zinc Benzoate is commonly used in food and feed additives as a preservative and source of zinc. It is antiseptic, anti-animalcule and anti-freezing agent used in food, medicine, tobacco, plating, printing and dyeing.