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Restrict the search for
methyl aminolevulinate
to a specific field?
Status:
First marketed in 1931
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (EPIMERIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
Oxedrine (Sympatol, p-synephrine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid molecule first appeared in Europe towards the end of the 1920s being sold as a drug under the brand name Sympatol. Oxedrine was then being prescribed as a remedy for a number of respiratory conditions, which include asthma, whooping cough, colds, and hay fever. More recently, synephrine gained popularity as a weight loss aid and it has become a favored component in the more popular brands of weight loss supplement stacks. This popularity can be attributed in part to the ban imposed on ephedra, to which it shares similar mechanisms of action. Most, if not all of the synephrine being sold as a dietary supplement is extracted and synthesized from the Citrus aurantium plant, more commonly known as bitter orange. Just like ephedrine, synephrine has vasoconstrictive abilities, although at a lesser potency compared to ephedrine. There is no mention of synephrine in editions of Drill's Pharmacology in Medicine later than the 3rd, nor is there any reference to synephrine in the 2012 Physicians' Desk Reference, nor in the current FDA "Orange Book". One current reference source describes synephrine as a vasoconstrictor that has been given to hypotensive patients, orally or by injection, in doses of 20–100 mg.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
SECOBARBITAL SODIUM by WEST WARD
(1982)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1929
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Secobarbital sodium, a barbiturate, is FDA approved for the treatment of insomnia and for pre-anesthetic use. This drug binds at a distinct site associated with a Cl- ionopore at the GABAA receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl- ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. Adverse reactions are drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, paradoxical excitement in elderly patients, somnolence. Rifampin may decrease secobarbital levels by increasing metabolism.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
First marketed in 1926
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
The discovery of pamaquine, developed by replacing one of the methyl groups of methylene blue by a dialkylaminoalkyl chain, was a landmark in the design of drugs for malaria. It is closely related to primaquine. The administration of pamaquine during the incubation period delayed but did not prevent primary attacks of a New Guinea strain of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Hemolytic anemia after administration of the antimalarial drug pamaquine was reported in patients with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Pamaquine itself could not be used clinically due to high toxicity.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
GENTIA-JEL APPLICATORS by WESTWOOD
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Gentian violet ((GV) hexamethyl pararosaniline, also known as crystal violet, methyl violet) is a triphenylmethane dye with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-helminithic, anti-trypanosomal, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. GV has a lengthy history and has been used successfully as monotherapy and an adjunct to treatment in a variety of diseases. Gentian violet interacts with negatively charged components of bacterial cells including the lipopolysaccharide (on the cell wall), the peptidoglycan and DNA. A similar cell penetration and DNA binding process is thought to take place for fungal cells as well. Because Gentian violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, cell growth is consequently inhibited. A photodynamic action of gentian violet, apparently mediated by a free-radical mechanism, has recently been described in bacteria and in the protozoan T. cruzi. Evidence also suggests that gentian violet dissipates the bacterial (and mitochondrial) membrane potential by inducing permeability. This is followed by respiratory inhibition. This anti-mitochondrial activity might explain gentian violet's efficacy towards both bacteria and yeast with relatively mild effects on mammalian cells.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
GENTIA-JEL APPLICATORS by WESTWOOD
(1961)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Gentian violet ((GV) hexamethyl pararosaniline, also known as crystal violet, methyl violet) is a triphenylmethane dye with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-helminithic, anti-trypanosomal, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. GV has a lengthy history and has been used successfully as monotherapy and an adjunct to treatment in a variety of diseases. Gentian violet interacts with negatively charged components of bacterial cells including the lipopolysaccharide (on the cell wall), the peptidoglycan and DNA. A similar cell penetration and DNA binding process is thought to take place for fungal cells as well. Because Gentian violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, cell growth is consequently inhibited. A photodynamic action of gentian violet, apparently mediated by a free-radical mechanism, has recently been described in bacteria and in the protozoan T. cruzi. Evidence also suggests that gentian violet dissipates the bacterial (and mitochondrial) membrane potential by inducing permeability. This is followed by respiratory inhibition. This anti-mitochondrial activity might explain gentian violet's efficacy towards both bacteria and yeast with relatively mild effects on mammalian cells.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Ethylmorphine is a derivative of morphine with analgesic and antitussive effect. It acts by activating the opioid receptors and thus has a direct influence on the CNS system. Ethylmorphine was approved in Europe for the treatment of dry cough (Codethyline, Dionine).
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Veratrine U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cevadine, veratridine, and related lipophilic ceveratrum alkaloids cause activation of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels of nerve, heart, and skeletal muscle cell membranes similar to pyrethrins. Both veratridine and cevadine alter the ion selectivity of Na+ channels and cause persistent activation. The receptor for these alkaloids has not been isolated, but experiments indicate it is distinct from that of pyrethrin. Structurally, veratridine and cevadine differ only in their acyl group. Cevadine has been used as an insecticide, acting as a paralytic agent with higher toxicity to insects than to mammals. It has been used to study Na+ channel blockers such as vincamine and vincanol by inducing Na+ channels in the presence and absence of the drugs being tested.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Veratrine U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cevadine, veratridine, and related lipophilic ceveratrum alkaloids cause activation of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels of nerve, heart, and skeletal muscle cell membranes similar to pyrethrins. Both veratridine and cevadine alter the ion selectivity of Na+ channels and cause persistent activation. The receptor for these alkaloids has not been isolated, but experiments indicate it is distinct from that of pyrethrin. Structurally, veratridine and cevadine differ only in their acyl group. Cevadine has been used as an insecticide, acting as a paralytic agent with higher toxicity to insects than to mammals. It has been used to study Na+ channel blockers such as vincamine and vincanol by inducing Na+ channels in the presence and absence of the drugs being tested.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Cotarnine Hydrochloride U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Source:
Cotarnine Hydrochloride U.S.P.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Veratrine U.S.P.
(1921)
Source URL:
First marketed in 1921
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Cevadine, veratridine, and related lipophilic ceveratrum alkaloids cause activation of the voltage-sensitive Na+ channels of nerve, heart, and skeletal muscle cell membranes similar to pyrethrins. Both veratridine and cevadine alter the ion selectivity of Na+ channels and cause persistent activation. The receptor for these alkaloids has not been isolated, but experiments indicate it is distinct from that of pyrethrin. Structurally, veratridine and cevadine differ only in their acyl group. Cevadine has been used as an insecticide, acting as a paralytic agent with higher toxicity to insects than to mammals. It has been used to study Na+ channel blockers such as vincamine and vincanol by inducing Na+ channels in the presence and absence of the drugs being tested.
