2-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (also known as 2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid) is a metabolite found in the urine patients with acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis. The concentration of this metabolite was also abnormal high in the urine of severely asphyxiated group. In case of maple syrup urine disease, when also the concentration of the 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid was increased in the urine, was made a suggestion, that the early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent brain damage and improve prognosis.

Protopine is the isoquinoline alkaloid found primarily in the plant families Berberidaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, Fumariaceae. It has diverse biological activities, such as anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic activity, antimicrobial activity, as well as hepatoprotective effects in animal models. The biological activities of protopine are associated with its ability selectively inhibits K(ATP) channels by targeting on SUR1 subunit. In addition, was discovered that β2 -adrenoceptor (β2 -AR) is a target for antiasthma activities of protopine. On this target, binding of the drug occurs on the amino acid residual of Ser 169 through the formation of hydrogen bonds and receptor‐drug bumps.

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (DOC) is a substituted alpha-methylated phenethylamine, a psychedelic drug. It was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. DOC acts as a selective -hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) receptor 5-HT2A and 5-HT2c agonist.