U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 3131 - 3140 of 3195 results

N-(2-Bromophenyl)-9-Methyl-9-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]Nonan-3-Amine (also known as AT-1001) is a high-affinity and highly selective ligand at α3β4 nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) that was reported to decrease nicotine self-administration in rats. AT-1001 has a single-digit nanomolar binding affinity for the α3β4 nAChR and over 100-fold selectivity over the α4β2 nAChR and α7 nAChR in competition binding experiments. In electrophysiological experiments, AT-1001 had partial agonist activity at the α3β4 nAChR, evoking 35% of maximum ACh response, and at the same doses, produced desensitization of the ACh response, effectively acting as a functional antagonist at the α3β4 nAChR. Interestingly, AT-1001 also selectively decreased self-administration of cigarette smoke extract (CSE), an aqueous extract of cigarette smoke components, without altering natural food intake, when administered systemically to rats trained to self-administer CSE
Lenomorelin (Ghrelin) is a pleiotropic hormone, whose effect on growth hormone secretion, through the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, is one of its many actions. It is synthesized principally in the stomach. Ghrelin-producing cells constitute a distinct group of endocrine cells dispersed throughout the gastric mucosa and to a lesser extent in the small intestine and the endocrine pancreas. Ghrelin plasma levels rise during fasting and chronic caloric restriction to stimulate food intake and fat storage and to prevent life-threatening falls in blood glucose. Plasma ghrelin levels decrease after a meal is consumed and in conditions of energy surplus (such as obesity). Ghrelin has emerged as a key player in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis. It stimulates food intake and transduces signals to hypothalamic regulatory nuclei that control energy homeostasis. Ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. Lenomorelin is a peptide of 28 amino acids, in which the serine 3 residue is n-octanoylated, which is necessary for biological activity.
Rusalatide acetate (also known as chrysalin or TP 508) is a 23-amino acid peptide derived from human prothrombin; it represents part of the receptor-binding domain of the human thrombin molecule. Rusalatide acetate binds to high-affinity thrombin receptors and mimics cellular effects of thrombin at sites of tissue injury. Rusalatide acetate demonstrated safety and potential efficacy in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It interacts with cell surface receptors to stimulate a cascade of cellular and molecular wound healing events, including activation of nitric oxide signaling. In addition, this drug participated in phase II clinical trial to determine the effectiveness of four doses for treating broken wrists in adults. However, this study was terminated because the drug did not demonstrate benefit compared to placebo. Rusalatide acetate was also studied as a cardiovascular drug. However, in January 2012, Capstone discontinued the development of rusalatide, for financial reasons. Recent studies show that a single injection of TP508 (rusalatide acetate) administered 24 h after irradiation significantly increases survival and delays mortality in murine models of acute radiation mortality. Thus, this drug is being developed as a potential nuclear countermeasure.

Showing 3131 - 3140 of 3195 results