Polidocanol is a non-ionic surfactant sclerosing agent indicated to treat uncomplicated spider veins and uncomplicated reticular veins in the lower extremity. Polidocanol also is indicated for the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins, accessory saphenous veins, and visible varicosities of the great saphenous vein system above and below the knee. When administered, polidocanol locally damages blood vessel endothelium. Following the endothelial damage, platelets aggregate at the site and attach to the venous wall eventually resulting in a dense network of platelets, cellular debris, and fibrin that occludes the vessel. Eventually the vessel is replaced by connective fibrous tissue. Adverse reactions include pain in extremity, infusion site thrombosis, contusion/injection site hematoma, limb discomfort and some others.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (brand name ELMIRON) is a low molecular weight heparin-like compound. It has anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects and is indicated for the relief of bladder pain or discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis. The mechanism of action of pentosan polysulfate sodium in interstitial cystitis is not known but was discovered, that it t binds Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) as well as other heparin-binding growth factors.