Meclofenoxate (INN, BAN) (brand name Lucidril), also known as centrophenoxine, is a cholinergic nootropic used as a dietary supplement and drug in the treatment of symptoms of senile dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Meclofenoxate has been shown in studies to be effective in enhancing the memory and in improving the cognitive functions of the elderly. Some studies even suggest that Meclofenoxate has the ability to reverse the signs of brain aging. While claims about its ability as a nootropic agent have not been fully established in clinical trials, some studies do strongly suggest that it is indeed very effective in improving memory retention and recall. Meclofenoxate HCL Powder for Injection is also indicated for the following conditions: comma; skull and brain trauma; following a stroke; encephalopathy; mental disorders (in combination with psychotropic agents); mental and psychomotor retardation in children; brain intoxication; alcohol psychoses; neuritis and polyneuritis. The main mechanism of action of Meclofenoxate is generally believed to be cholinergic in nature. As an efficient transporter of DMAE, Meclofenoxate encourages the production of choline in the brain, which is then synthesized into acetylcholine. The more acetylcholine neurotransmitters in the brain, the better and more efficient the cognitive functions will be. Meclofenoxate also increases cellular membrane phospholipids

Zuclopenthixol is indicated the management of the manifestations of schizophrenia and other mental illnesses with disturbances in thinking, emotional reactions and behaviour. It is also used to treat the manic phase of manic depressive illness. Zuclopenthixol, a thioxanthene derivative, has high affinity for both dopamine D1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol also has high affinity for α1-adrenergic and 5-HT2 receptors. Zuclopenthixol (CLOPIXOL®) is avavilable in the form of tablets and solution for intramuscular injections.

Roxatidine is an histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Roxatidine is a potent and selective inhibitor of basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion through competitive blockade of H2-receptors. Total pepsin secretion is reduced in a dose-dependent manner. There is an independent mucosal protection action. Roxatidine is indicated for the treatment of peptic ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome also it can be used as a premedication before anaesthesia. Roxatidine possessed a robust estrogenic activity.

Bendazac, (1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl-oxy)-acetic acid, is structurally related to indomethacin. Its lysine salt has been reported to be absorbed better than the parent compound. It is applied topically as bendazac lysine 0.5% (wt/vol) aqueous solution for delaying the progression of cataract. Topical application of bendazac is associated with transient burning sensation. It reduces the secretion of the skin ulcer surface, promotes skin formation and accelerates tissue repair.

Tilarginine is L-N-monomethyl arginine (L -NMMA), a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which has been studied in the treatment of septic shock and cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Despite strong evidence that excessive nitric oxide (NO) production plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of septic shock and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction, outcome studies in these two disorders have proved disappointing. Tilarginine therapy was associated with an excess mortality, particularly at doses > 5 mg/(kg h), in septic shock, whereas the effects of a lower dose (1 mg/(kg h)) in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction were neutral. The excess mortality in patients with septic shock was almost certainly the result of unfavorable hemodynamic changes induced by Tilarginine (decreased cardiac output, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced tissue oxygen delivery) whereas the lack of benefit in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction may have been because the dose of Tilarginine was too low.

Alfadolone or alphadolone is an oral neurosteroid, which can be useful as an analgesic.

Bisdequalinium (also known as R-199, trade name Solvidont) is an antibacterial agent for endodontic use. Bisdequalinium was available in three dispensing forms: an irrigation solution, a working solution, and a medication paste. They contained 0.125 %, 0.5 %, and 0.48 % Bisdequalinium respectively. The low cytotoxicity and high antimicrobial effects, detergent, and lubricating and chelating properties, all claimed in the manufacturer's brochure, make this material an appropriate candidate for clinical endodontic use.

Avorelin is a superagonist of natural luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone. Avorelin has been formulated in high molecular weight polylactic glycolic acid to afford protracted and continuous release of the peptide from subcutaneous implants. Avorelin has been in phase II clinical trials by Mediolanum for the treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer and endometriosis. However, this research has been discontinued. Adverse events mainly related to androgen suppression (hot flushes, decreased libido and impotence) or the nature of the disease (skeletal pain).

Vapreotide (Sanvar) is cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin with higher metabolic stability than the parent hormone and developed by Debiopharm Group for the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic liver disease and AIDS-related diarrhea. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of vasodilatory peptides from the gastrointestinal tract, including glucagon, which has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of portal hypertension. While natural somatostatin has a very short half-life (3 min), the elimination half-life of vapreotide is reported to be approximately 10 times longer than that of its parent compound. Pharmacodynamic studies of healthy volunteers demonstrated suppression of gastric acid secretion and inhibition of the secretion of pancreatic enzyme, which is similar to somatostatin. Vapreotide has demonstrated efficacy in the early management of acute variceal hemorrhage but only based on combined primary endpoints of hemostasis and survival after 5 days. In addition, vapreotide’s efficacy is limited to only one major study performed in Europe and not yet in the United States. Although it did not show a significant reduction in mortality, vapreotide’s observed the effect on hemostasis, as well as its favorable safety profile. Adverse effects that occurred in the vapreotide trials were generally mild and primarily included gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the gastrointestinal hormonal system. Vapreotide not recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Panel due to Insufficient evidence that the drug provided a benefit in the treatment for acute esophageal variceal bleeding.