Oxitefonium is an anticholinergic spasmolytic medication used for the treatment of asthma.

Sitaxentan (TBC11251, trade name Thelin) is a potent and selective Endothelin A receptor antagonist. Sitaxentan was under development by Encysive Pharmaceuticals (now Pfizer) for use in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure and asthma. It was launched in the major markets of the European Union (EU) under name Thelin for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In December 2010, Pfizer discontinued clinical trials of sitaxentan worldwide and initiated voluntary product withdrawal from markets where it is approved due to life-threatening idiosyncratic risk of liver injury.

Cefprozil, an oral cephalosporin antibiotic, is a mixture of antibiotic BMY-28100 (Z- or cis-isomer) and antibiotic BMY-28167 (E- or trans -isomer), the mixture having a Z- to E- isomer ratio in the range of 89:11 to 94:6. BMY-28167 (E- or trans -isomer) is less active when compared with BMY-28100 or isomeric mixture. There were no remarkable differences in the toxicity of the cis isomer, the trans isomer, or cefprozil (the isomeric mixture).

Cefquinome is a 4th generation cephalosporin which is active against a broad spectrum of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. As many cephalosporin it acts by binding to bacterial PBP and thus inhibiting the cell wall synthesis. Cefquinome is approved for veterinary use in cattles with respiratory tract infections, skin infections, bacterial mastitis and septicaemia.

Ablukast is a benzopyran derivative, a leukotriene receptor antagonist with potential as an antiasthmatic agent. Ablukast antagonized he hypotensive effect of N-methyl leukotriene C4 and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Ablukast also antagonized the effects induced by high doses of leukotriene D4 and E4. Receptors that preferentially bind LTC4 in bullfrog vascular smooth muscle regulate the hypotensive effect and that they can be antagonized by ablukast. Ablukast has been in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of bowel disease. However, this research has been discontinued.

Talaporfin (INN, also known as aspartyl chlorin, mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6, NPe6, or LS11) is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Talaporfin is injected into tumors and other regret tissues where it accumulates. It’s activated with light emitting diodes (LED). It absorbs red light at 664-667 nm normally provided by a laser tuned to this wavelength. It was approved in Japan (in 2004) for PDT of lung cancer and glioma and marketed as Laserphyrin. Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that talaporfin sodium treatment may offer a powerful option to synergize current therapies, as well as an alternative monotherapy in treating cancer.

Cefpirome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefpirome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Cefpirome is an injectable extended-spectrum or 'fourth generation' cephalosporin. Its antibacterial activity encompasses many of the pathogens involved in hospital-acquired infections such as Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci. Cefpirome also has in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae regardless of penicillin susceptibility. It is stable against most plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, with the exception of the extended-spectrum plasmid-mediated SHV enzymes. Intravenous cefpirome 2g twice daily has shown clinical efficacy comparable to that of ceftazidime 2g 3 times daily in the treatment of hospitalised patients with moderate to severe infections. Clinical response and bacteriological eradication rates were similar in patients with severe pneumonia or septicaemia treated with either cefpirome or ceftazidime. Cefpirome appeared more effective than ceftazidime in the eradication of bacteria in patients with febrile neutropenia in 1 study; however, clinical response rates were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The tolerability of cefpirome appears similar to that of ceftazidime and other third generation cephalosporins, diarrhoea being the most frequently observed event. Thus, cefpirome is likely to be a valuable extended-spectrum agent for the treatment of severe infections. Cefpirome offers improved coverage against some Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae producing class I beta-lactamases compared with the third generation cephalosporins, although this has yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials.

Cefodizime is a third-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Administered intravenously or intramuscularly 1 to 4 g of cefodizime daily for an average of 7 to 10 days produces a clinical cure in 80 to 100% of patients (adults, elderly or children) with upper or lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections. In comparative trials cefodizime was as effective as other third generation cephalosporins. A single dose of cefodizime (1 or 2 g) is also useful in treating lower urinary tract infections. Urogenital gonorrhoea, whether caused by beta-lactamase producing or non-beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is very effectively treated by single dose therapy with intramuscular cefodizime. Preliminary data from a small number of patients indicates that cefodizime may also be useful in the treatment of otitis media, sinusitis and gynaecological infections, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of surgical infections. The clinical efficacy of cefodizime compared to other third generation cephalosporins is superior to that predicted from in vitro results. This superior activity of cefodizime may be related to the relatively long elimination half-life of the drug or its ability to modify some functions of the immune system--a potentially important finding awaiting further investigation. Cefodizime is well tolerated and has a tolerability profile similar to other members of its class with systemic adverse events being primarily gastrointestinal or dermatological. Cefodizime may be more convenient to administer than some other agents of its class as it may be given once or twice daily. While there are no trials comparing cefodizime to other third generation cephalosporins in immunosuppressed populations, preliminary information indicates cefodizime may be useful in this group. Cefodizime targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1A/B, 2, and 3 resulting in the eventual death of the bacterial cell. In vivo experimental models of infection showed that bacterial clearance by this drug is at least as effective compared with other 3rd generation cephalosporins. It has a similar adverse effect profile to other 3rd generation cephalosporins which is mainly being limited to gastrointestinal or dermatological side effects. It is not currently approved by the FDA for use in the United States.

Pirenzepine is a M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist, which is prescribed for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer in Europe. The drug preferentially acts on the gastric mucosa to inhibit secretion of both gastric acid and pepsin. Experiment with healthy volunteers demonstrated that pirenzepine passes the blood-brain barrier, but only to a small extent.

Celiprolol is beta blocker, used to treat high blood pressure. Celiprolol is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, β2 receptor partial agonist. Celiprolol is not approved by the FDA, but is available worldwide under brand names Cardem, Selectol, Celipres, Celipro, Celol, Cordiax, Dilanorm. It is used to treat mild to moderate hypertension and angina prectoris. In 2010 celiprolol has demonstrated positive results in the prevention of vascular complications of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Celiprolol has fewer CNS-related side effects than other beta blockers presumably because of limited penetration through blood-brain barrier because of its solubility.