Demecarium (HUMORSOL®) is an indirect-acting parasympathomimetic agent, also known as a cholinesterase inhibitor and anticholinesterase. Cholinesterase inhibitors prolong the effect of acetylcholine, which is released at the neuroeffector junction of parasympathetic postganglion nerves, by inactivating the cholinesterases that break it down. Application of demecarium (HUMORSOL®) to the eye produces intense miosis and ciliary muscle contraction due to inhibition of cholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to accumulate at sites of cholinergic transmission. These effects are accompanied by increased capillary permeability of the ciliary body and iris, increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, and vasodilation. Myopia may be induced or, if present, may be augmented by the increased refractive power of the lens that results from the accommodative effect of the drug. Demecarium (HUMORSOL®) indirectly produces some of the muscarinic and nicotinic effects of acetylcholine as quantities of the latter accumulate.

Isopropamide is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic with peripheral effects similar to those of atropine. It has been used as an adjunct in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, in the relief of gastro-intestinal and urinary tract disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, in rhinitis, and the relief of symptoms of cold.

BIALAMICOL is a hydroxybiphenyl antiprotozoal used for the treatment of acute and chronic amoebiasis.

Edrophonium is a short and rapid-acting cholinergic drug. Chemically, edrophonium is ethyl (m-hydroxyphenyl) dimethylammonium. Edrophonium is used for the differential diagnosis of myasthenia gravis and as an adjunct in the evaluation of treatment requirements in this disease. It may also be used for evaluating emergency treatment in myasthenic crises. Because of its brief duration of action, it is not recommended for maintenance therapy in myasthenia gravis. It is also useful whenever a curare antagonist is needed to reverse the neuromuscular block produced by curare, tubocurarine, gallamine triethiodide or dimethyl-tubocurarine. It is not effective against decamethonium bromide and succinylcholine chloride. It may be used adjunctively in the treatment of respiratory depression caused by curare overdosage.

Metabutethamine hydrochloride was used as a local anesthetic.

Tricaine (MS-222, Tricaine-S), a water-soluble local anesthetic, is used commonly for sedation, immobilization, and anesthesia of poikilothermic animals and has been accepted as a common anesthetic for use in the cold-blooded animals. It has long been recognized as a valuable tool for the proper handling of these animals during manual spawning (fish stripping), weighing, measuring, marking, surgical operations, transport, photography, and research. Tricaine was developed by Merck as a sulfonated analog of benzocaine with high solubility in water. The main advantage of Tricaine is the short duration of action and rapid metabolism. There are many reports describing the use of Tricaine for anesthetizing poikilothermic animals because it is a safe agent for immersion anesthesia even though the other anesthetics such as ether, ethanol, thiopental, halothane, isoflurane, barbiturates also could be used. Amphibians could be anesthetized easily by immersion methods with Tricaine because the amphibian skin is extremely permeable and water is absorbed through the skin rather than ingested. Tricaine has been administered as an injectable agent also.

Tricaine (MS-222, Tricaine-S), a water-soluble local anesthetic, is used commonly for sedation, immobilization, and anesthesia of poikilothermic animals and has been accepted as a common anesthetic for use in the cold-blooded animals. It has long been recognized as a valuable tool for the proper handling of these animals during manual spawning (fish stripping), weighing, measuring, marking, surgical operations, transport, photography, and research. Tricaine was developed by Merck as a sulfonated analog of benzocaine with high solubility in water. The main advantage of Tricaine is the short duration of action and rapid metabolism. There are many reports describing the use of Tricaine for anesthetizing poikilothermic animals because it is a safe agent for immersion anesthesia even though the other anesthetics such as ether, ethanol, thiopental, halothane, isoflurane, barbiturates also could be used. Amphibians could be anesthetized easily by immersion methods with Tricaine because the amphibian skin is extremely permeable and water is absorbed through the skin rather than ingested. Tricaine has been administered as an injectable agent also.

Dichlorophene is a halogenated phenolic compound that functions as a bacteriocide and fungicide in cosmetics. Dichlorophene was reported to be used in a total of five cosmetic formulations at concentrations of 0% to 1.0%. Dichlorophen is used in the treatment of tapeworm infestation in man and animals and is the basis of a preparation against athlete’s foot. As a fungicide and bactericide it is recommended for the protection of textiles and materials including horticultural benches and equipment against moulds and algae.

Brilliant Blue is an organic compound classified as a blue triarylmethane dye. It is coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts. Coloring agent. Brilliant Blue FCF, has been used in foods in the US since 1929. This color adds a distinctive, bright blue hue to beverages, beverage powders, dairy products, baked goods, dessert powders, confections, condiments, icings, syrups, jams, jellies, marmalades, liqueurs, extracts, dairy fats and oil, meat, seafood, snacks, dry mixes and seasonings, fruit preparations, convenient food, and flavors. Both the diammonium and disodium salts of FD&C Blue No. 1 are used. The disodium salt is used in foods, while the diammonium salt has limited usage in drugs and cosmetics.