Sodium butoxide (Sodium butanolate) is used in wide range of applications in organic synthesis; agrochemicals; pharmaceuticals, colorants and aroma chemicals. It can also be used in manufacturing detergents, as a catalyst in polymerization and isomerizations.

Pelubiprofen, 2-[4-(Oxocyclohexylidene methyl)phenyl]propionic acid, is one of the 2-arylpropionic acid class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It has wide variety of indications proposed: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, post-operative trauma, backache, neck-shoulder syndrome and dental pain. Pelubiprofen is a prodrug of 2-arylpropionic acid with relatively selective effects on cyclooxygenase-2 activity. Antiinflammatory properties of pelubiprofen are due to its ability to both decrease prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting the activities of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and IkB kinase-b (IKK-b). Pelubiprofen was found to have an anti-edema effect in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats, one of the well-established acute inflammatory models in vivo. Pelubiprofen was well tolerated in single doses up to 120mg and at a dosage of 180 mg/day. No drug accumulation was evident, suggesting that it may be useful for long term treatment.

Zinc dodecyl hydrogen disulphate (Zinc Coco-Sulfate) is a surfactant, cleansing and emulsifying agent. It is used at concentrations from 0.1% to 29%, primarily in soaps, shampoos and toothpastes.

Bifemelane is a psychotropic drug, was found to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). It inhibited type A MAO (MAO-A) competitively and type B (MAO-B) noncompetitively and it was a more potent inhibitor of MAO-A than of MAO-B. Bifemelane is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that is used in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms, and in the treatment of senile dementia as well. It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma.

Chlorophene is a halogenated phenolic compound that functions as a biocide and preservative in cosmetics. In Europe, the maximum authorized concentration allowed for Chlorophene is 0.2%. The glucuronic acid conjugate, the sulfate ester conjugate, and two other minor metabolites of Chlorophene were profiled in rat urine during pharmacokinetic tests. Chlorophene is incompletely absorbed through rat skin. In several anumal species these chemicals exhibited low oral toxicity. Some evidence of toxicity was found in short-term oral toxicity studies in mice and rats with nephropathy as the principal finding. Rats and mice dosed with Chlorophene for 2 years had a dose-related and sex-related increase in the severity of nephropathy. In another set of animal tests Chlorophene was found to be an ocular irritant. There was no readily available inhalation profile for Chlorophene. Chlorophene was severely irritating to rabbits in most dermal irritation studies. Chlorophene was found to be mutagenic in four in-vitro mammalian test systems. However, neoplasms were not observed in rats treated with Chlorophene for 2 years but, in mice treated similarly a significant incidence of neoplasms was observed. A 1-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) study concluded that Chlorophene was a cutaneous irritant and a weak skin tumor promoter but had no activity as an initiator or complete carcinogen. Some reactions to Chlorophene occurred in some, but not all, clinical dermal sensitization tests.

Bamidipine is an antihypertensive drug belonging to the dihydropyridine (DHP) group of calcium antagonists. The product was originally developed by Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) and is currently marketed in Japan under the trade name of Hypoca (Astellas Pharma Inc, Tokyo, Japan). It is available in a modified-release formulation which has a gradual onset of action and is effective in a single daily oral dose of 10 to 20 mg. Bamidipine has selective action against cardiovascular calcium antagonist receptors and its antihypertensive action is related to the reduction of peripheral vascular resistance secondary to its vasodilatory action. The clinical antihypertensive efficacy of barnidipine is similar to that of other DHP calcium antagonists such as nitrendipine and amlodipine, and antihypertensives belonging to other drug classes such as atenolol and enalapril. Barnidipine has been found to be as efficacious and well tolerated as hydrochlorothiazide in the management of hypertension in elderly patients. Barnidipine is generally well tolerated. As with other DHP calcium antagonists, vasodilator adverse events such as headache, flushing and peripheral oedema account for most of the adverse events reported with its use and are usually transient. Oedema is less frequent than with amlodipine and nitrendipine. Its use is not associated with reflex tachycardia.

Octopamine is an organic chemical closely related to norepinephrine. In many types of invertebrates it functions as a neurotransmitter. Octopamine is known to exert adrenergic effects in mammals although specific octopamine receptors have been cloned only in invertebrates. It has been shown that octopamine can stimulate alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (ARs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human alpha(2)-ARs. Octopamine stimulates lipolysis through beta(3)-rather than beta(1)-or beta(2)-AR activation in white adipocytes from different mammalian species. Octopamine activates only beta(3)-ARs and is devoid of alpha(2)-adrenergic agonism. Thus, octopamine could be considered as an endogenous selective beta(3)-AR agonist. In humans Octopamine is a trace amine found endogenously in the human brain where it interacts with signalling of catecholamines; it is structurally similar to synephrine and tyramine, being a metabolite of the latter (via dopamine β-hydroxylase) and substrate for the synthesis of the former (via phenethanolamine N-methyltransferase[3]) while being perhaps the closest in structure to noradrenaline. Octopamine is found in the bitter orange similar to many biogenic amines related to L-tyrosine that are used as dietary supplements, this includes synephrine and hordenine. p-Octopamine HCl (Norphen) was studied in the late 1960’s and 1970’s as a drug for the treatment of hypotensive regulatory and circulatory disorders. Octopamine was used as a nootropic. All optical isomers (enantiomers) of octopamine are on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) 2014 list of substances prohibited in competition.

Ansoxetine is an antidepressant which was never marketed.

Metampicillin is the approved name for the penicillin resulting from the reaction of ampicillin with formaldehyde. Metampicillin is hydrolysed in aqueous solution with the formation of ampicillin. Metampicillin has broad spectrum of activity coupled with a marked degree of stability to bacterial penicillinase. Furthermore, metampicillin is reported to be absorbed to a greater extent than ampicillin, resulting in superior blood levels in human subjects, and also giving high levels of antibiotic in bile following parenteral administration. Metampicillin showed a spectrum and level of activity similar to that of ampicillin in vitro, and both compounds were inactive against penicillinase-producing strains of bacteria. The activity of metampicillin was markedly reduced by human serum, and the compound was less active than ampicillin in the presence of human serum. Following the oral administration of metampicillin to man, metampicillin was not detected in the blood stream nor in urine, and ampicillin alone was demonstrated in these subjects. The serum concentrations of ampicillin that were produced following the oral administration of metampicillin were somewhat lower than those obtained with equivalent doses of ampicillin. Adminstration of metampicillin by the intramuscular (i.m.) route to volunteers resulted in the appearance of both ampicillin and metampicillin in the blood, and of ampicillin alone in the urine of these subjects. When parenteraly administered, metampicillin appeared to be a particularly suitable penicillin for the treatment of biliary tract infections. Metampicillin is a cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor.