Levistolide A is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cancer. Levistolide has been studied in vitro against cell models for colon cancer and breast cancer. It was effective at inducing ER programmed apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In a cell model for breast cancer, levistolide was shown to enhance the apoptotic effects of adriamycin and vincristine. The effect of levistomide is correlated with cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP and up-regulation of caspase-3.

Schisandrin A is a bioactive lignan occurring in the fruits of plants of the Schisandra genus that have traditionally been used in Korea for treating various inflammatory diseases. Schisandrin A inhibits dengue viral replication via upregulating antiviral interferon responses through STAT signaling pathway. Schisandrin A represents a potential antiviral agent to block DENV replication in vitro and in vivo. Schisandrin A has been widely reported as being very effective for the treatment of liver disease. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of schisandrin A may include activation of autophagy flux and inhibition of apoptosis.

Schisantherin A is a dibenzocyclooctadiene originally found in Schisandra that exhibits anti-tussive, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, and cardioprotective activities. In macrophages, schisantherin A decreases LPS-induced expression and activity of iNOS, COX-2, NO, IL-6, and TNF-α. Schisantherin A also decreases RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling by inhibiting IκBα degradation and suppressing JNK and ERK1/2 activation in vitro; it also inhibits osteoclast function and bone erosion in vivo. In animal models of Alzheimer’s disease, schisantherin A inhibits amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced learning and memory impairments in Y maze, shuttle box, and Morris water maze assays. Additionally, this compound lowers left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures, decreases infarct size and maldionaldehyde release, and increases superoxide dismutase activity, preventing myocardial apoptosis in animal models of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Schisantherin A conferred significant protection against MPTP-induced loss of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease (PD) mice model. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that Schisantherin A exhibited neuroprotection against MPP(+) through the regulation of two distinct pathways including increasing CREB-mediated Bcl-2 expression and activating PI3K/Akt survival signaling suggesting that StA might be a promising neuroprotective agent for the prevention of PD.