Mevalonolactone (ML) is a lactone form of mevalonic acid (MA), they exist in equilibrium. Mevalonolactone is used to study the effect of statin on the prenylation of Ras and Rho GTPases. Recently was discovered, that mevalonolactone disrupted mitochondrial functions and induced permeability transition pore opening in rat brain mitochondria, what can be important for the pathogenesis of mevalonic aciduria. Mevalonic aciduria is caused by severe deficiency of mevalonic kinase activity leading to tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of mevalonic acid and mevalonolactone. It was proved that ML impaired essential brain mitochondrial functions with the involvement of MPT pore opening and that disturbance of brain mitochondrial homeostasis contributed to the neurologic symptoms of MVA.

Threitol is a four carbon sugar primarily used in the chemical synthesis of other compounds. It is a diastereomer of erythritol an FDA approved low-calorie sweetener. Threitol can be found in meaningful concentrations in the edible fungus Armillaria mellea and is used by some organisms as an antifreeze agent, such as the Alaskan beetle. Threitol is a very weak inhibitor of Carbonic anhydrase. Threitol is the main end product of D-xylose metabolism in humans and deficiency is associated with inborn errors of metabolism.

3-Methoxytyramine (3-MT) is a human trace amine that occurs as a metabolite of the neurotransmitter dopamine. It has been shown to act as an agonist of human TAAR1, and an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration. 3-MT has garnered research interest for its potential links and implications to Parkinson's disease and other Neurological disorders.