Y-27632, originally synthesized by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, is a selective and a strong ROCK inhibitor, which activates the ROCK signal cascade. It was found, that the inhibition of ROCK was beneficial for the prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus, which possibly by suppressing NF-κB activation. Y-27632 can promote both the ex vivo and in vitro proliferation of limbal epithelial cell proliferation. The in vivo enhanced epithelial wound healing further implies that the Y-27632 may act as a new strategy for treating limbal stem cell deficiency. Preliminary human cases confirmed that ROCK inhibitor eye drops were considered effective for treatment of corneal edema associated with cataract surgery.

1-methyl-4-(3-pyridinyl) pyrrole (β-nicotyrine) is a tobacco alkaloid. It is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 CYP2A13 and a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 CYP2A6.