Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate is a magnesium salt form of isoglycyrrhizinate, a derivative of glycyrrhizic acid extracted from the roots of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The drug is believed to be a free radical scavenger and to modulate the activity of hepatic enzymes. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate was investigated in clinical trials to restore hepatic impairments caused by chemotherapy drugs and as a treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Bepridil (trade name Vascor) is an amine calcium channel blocker used to treat angina. Bepridil is a calcium channel blocker that has well characterized anti-anginal properties and known but poorly characterized type 1 anti-arrhythmic and anti-hypertensive properties. It is not related chemically to other calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem hydrochloride, nifedipine and verapamil hydrochloride. Bepridil has inhibitory effects on both the slow calcium (L-type) and fast sodium inward currents in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle, interferes with calcium binding to calmodulin, and blocks both voltage and receptor operated calcium channels. Bepridil inhibits the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. This has been demonstrated in isolated myocardial and vascular smooth muscle preparations in which both the slope of the calcium dose response curve and the maximum calcium-induced inotropic response were significantly reduced by bepridil. In cardiac myocytes in vitro, bepridil was shown to be tightly bound to actin. Bepridil regularly reduces heart rate and arterial pressure at rest and at a given level of exercise by dilating peripheral arterioles and reducing total peripheral resistance (afterload) against which the heart works. Bepridil is no longer sold in the United States, but it is still marketed in other countries. Bepridil has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist. Although, it contains one chiral center, it is generally administered as a racemates. The drug bepridil is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers for the 2R as CID 16048570 and 2S as CID 445143. (R)-isomer of bepridil is more active than (-S)- isomer, in certain cases. In the retrogradely perfused, paced rat heart the higher activity was found for the (+)-enantiomer, which was 4.27 times more potent in increasing coronary flow than the (-)-isomer. The two enantiomers of bepridil showed a lower activity on maximum systolic left ventricular pressure (MSLVP) than on coronary flow, and a similar 3-4 fold stereoselectivity with both parameters.

OXYPENDYL, an azaphenothiazine derivative, is an antiemetic drug. It may also possess neuroleptic potency.

Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (Disodium beta-glycerophosphate) is used for the preparation of thermo-sensitive chitosan hydrogen as a scaffold to construct tissue engineered injectable nucleus pulposus (NP). Since Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate (6 g/day) reduced the lithogenic index of bile in human subjects with cholesterol gallstones in a short-term study and facilitated dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in mice, Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate may have potential to help dissolve cholesterol gallstones in man. Sodium glycerol 2-phosphate is an alkaline phosphate inhibitor. Sodium β-glycerophosphate pentahydrate is used as a phosphatase inhibitor. It promotes bone matrix mineralization while delivering to osteoblasts by providing a source of phosphate ions. It is used in the development of hydrogels and scaffolds, which finds applications in tissue engineering and cell growth. It is used as an additive in isolation mediums by providing phosphate ions to isolate. It is utilized to promote mineralization in vitro by modulating bone cell metabolic activity.

Pholcodine is an opioid that has been widely used worldwide since 1950 for the treatment of non-productive cough in children and adults. Illicit drug. Additionally Pholcodine is a marker for sensitization to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) and is intended for use as a diagnostic tool in NMBA-induced anaphylaxis.

A-escin (Escin Ia) and isoescin Ia have been traditionally used clinically as the chief active ingredients of escin, a major triterpene saponin isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, inflammation and edema. A-escin administration to prednisolone-treated rats slightly reduced the unfavorable effects of prednisolone on width of periosteal and endosteal osteoid and periosteal transverse growth in the tibia. A-escin suppresses the metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via down-regulating LOXL2 expression. Escin Ia has being shown to inhibit pancreatic lipase.

Ambucaine also known as Sympocaine (Win 3706) is a local anesthetic. It has been studied as an agent for spinal anesthesia.

Oxomemazine is a histamine H₁-receptor antagonist. Additionally, oxomemazine could be classified as a ligand for M1 receptors. It is used in the symptomatic treatment of non-productive coughs that occur specifically at night.

THEODRENALINE, a theophylline derivative, is a cardiac stimulant. A 20:1 mixture of cafedrine and THEODRENALINE (AKRINOR®) is widely used in Germany for the treatment of hypotensive states during anesthesia and in emergency medicine.

Trifluomeprazine is a sedative and hypnotic, it was used in veterinary medicine under the brand name Nortran. Withdrawn from the market.