Kainic acid (kainate) is a natural marine acid present in some seaweed. Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of experimental ablation. Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death. Such damage and death of neurons is referred to as an excitotoxic lesion. Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons. Kainic acid is utilised in primary neuronal cell cultures and acute brain slice preparations [5] to study of the physiological effect of excitotoxicity and assess the neuroprotective capabilities of potential therapeutics. Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system excitant that is used in epilepsy research to induce seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10–30 mg/kg in mice. In addition to inducing seizures, kainic acid is excitotoxic and epileptogenic. Kainic acid induces seizures via activation of kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit and also through activation of AMPA receptors, for which it serves as a partial agonist.

Pipemidic Acid is a quinolone antibacterial agent. It’s used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, recidive cystitis, prolongation of the therapy of pyelonephritis (prolonged therapy at patients with tendency to recidives. It belongs to DNA Gyrase inhibitor pharmacological group on the basis of mechanism of action and also classified in Antibacterial pharmacological group. Pipemidic acid is contraindicated at conditions of proved hypersensitivity, severe renal and hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis of the liver, porphyria, diseases of the central nervous system (epilepsy and neurological conditions with low level for convulsions). Pipemidic acid is contraindicated at children and adolescents at growing phase.

Arsanilic acid, also known as aminophenyl arsenic acid or aminophenyl arsonic acid, is an organoarsenic compound first reported in 1863 by Antoine Béchamp. Arsanilic acid is a crystalline powder introduced medically in the late 19th century as Atoxyl, its sodium salt was used by injection in the early 20th century as the first organic arsenical drug, but it was soon found prohibitively toxic for human use. Arsanilic acid saw long use as a veterinary feed additive promoting growth and to prevent or treat dysentery in poultry and swine. In 2013, its approval by US government as an animal drug was voluntarily withdrawn by its sponsors. Still sometimes used in laboratories, Arsanilic acid's legacy is principally through its influence on Paul Ehrlich in launching the chemotherapeutic approach to treating infectious diseases of humans.

Agomelatine behaves both as a potent agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and as a neutral antagonist at 5-HT2C receptors. Accumulating evidence in a broad range of experimental procedures supports the notion that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are due to the synergy between its melatonergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic effects. Agomelatine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive episodes.

Sodium anthranilate is an excipient (pharmacologically inactive substance). Sodium anthranilate (Aminobenzoate sodium ,C7H6NNaO2), also known as sodium 2-aminobenzoate, is an organic amine. Aminobenzoate sodium exists as a yellow powder for use in pharmaceutical processing.

Sodium 1-Naphthaleneacetate (SODIUM 1-NAPHTHALENEACETATE) is a plant growth regulator. It has being shown that root application of certain concentration of sodium naphthalene acetate (SNA) could promote the growth of tomato seedlings by increasing the tomato root activity, protective enzymes activity, Pn and regulating endogenous hormone concentration under suboptimum temperature and light condition.

Magnesium glutamate hydrobromide (Psychoverlan) is a known sedative and muscle relaxant. In a long-term study 19 young females were treated with Psychoverlan capsules or syrup for an average of 11.4 months. Intolerance phenomena and side-effects were not seen. It was even decided to increase the standard dose. None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication. The general state of health of 13 of the 19 subjects was improved by the harmonizing effect of the drug on psychic and vegetative functions. Tiredness and somnolence were not observed.

Butedronic acid is used for diagnostic purposes. Tetrasodium salt of butedronic acid is bone imaging agent.

Xenyhexenic acid is a biphenyl organic compound, discovered in 1958. When fed to rats, xenyhexenic acid inhibited hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia that been induced by the administration of Triton.

Xenyhexenic acid is a biphenyl organic compound, discovered in 1958. When fed to rats, xenyhexenic acid inhibited hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia that been induced by the administration of Triton.